Table 1.
Growth factor/enzyme | Role in angiogenesis |
---|---|
Vascular endothelial growth factor28 | Mitosis and migration of endothelial cells |
Formation of vessel lumina and fenestrations | |
Vasodilation | |
Chemotaxis of macrophages and monocytes | |
Increased matrix metalloproteinase activity | |
Platelet derived growth factor29 | Induces vasoconstriction and promotes angiogenesis |
Stimulates synthesis and deposition of collagen by fibroblasts | |
Strong chemoattractant and mitogen for mesenchyme derived cells | |
Placental growth factor33 | Potentiates VEGF bioactivity |
Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells | |
Fibroblast growth factor31 | Mitosis and migration of endothelial cells |
Organization of endothelia into tube-like structures | |
Induces VEGF expression in endothelia | |
Angiogenin32 | Upregulates metalloproteinases |
Endothelial migration and organization into tubular structures | |
Catalytic properties comparable to RNAse | |
Basic fibroblast growth factor34 | Endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
Upregulation of metalloproteinases | |
Transforming growth factor-beta 130 | Induces endothelial apoptosis following activation by VEGF |
Stimulates angiogenesis | |
Endostatin35 | Inhibits proliferation and organization of endothelial cells |
Inhibits metalloproteinases | |
Thrombospondin-236 | Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and migration |
Induction of apoptosis |
Note: Putative roles of each pro- and antiangiogenic molecule are provided.
Abbreviations: VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; RNAse, Ribonuclease.