TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the total study population and across the angiographic extent of CAD
| Characteristic | Total (N = 162) | No Apparent CAD (N = 39) | Nonobstructive CAD (N = 51) | Obstructive CAD (N = 72) | Pa |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years) | 61.8 ± 10.3 | 58.2 ± 10.4 | 62.1 ± 9.9 | 63.6 ± 10.2 | 0.028 |
| Female | 70 (43.2%) | 18 (46.2%) | 22 (43.1%) | 30 (41.7%) | 0.901 |
| African American | 34 (21.0%) | 10 (25.6%) | 11 (21.6%) | 13 (18.1%) | 0.640 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.8 ± 7.5 | 34.0 ± 8.0 | 30.8 ± 8.8 | 31.4 ± 6.0 | 0.110 |
| Past medical history | |||||
| Current/recent (<1 year) smoker | 46 (28.4%) | 11 (28.2%) | 15 (29.4%) | 20 (27.8%) | 0.980 |
| History of hypertension | 130 (80.3%) | 28 (71.2%) | 41 (80.4%) | 61 (84.7%) | 0.263 |
| History of diabetes | 51 (31.5%) | 9 (23.1%) | 14 (27.5%) | 28 (38.9%) | 0.174 |
| History of hyperlipidemia | 111 (68.5%) | 23 (59.0%) | 34 (66.7%) | 54 (75.0%) | 0.209 |
| Prior acute myocardial infarction | 24 (14.8%) | 1 (2.6%) | 6 (11.8%) | 17 (23.6%) | 0.006 |
| Prior revascularization | 56 (34.6%) | 6 (15.4%) | 18 (35.3%) | 32 (44.4%) | 0.009 |
| Medication use | |||||
| ACE inhibitor use | 73 (45.1%) | 14 (35.9%) | 18 (35.3%) | 41 (56.9%) | 0.025 |
| ARB use | 33 (20.4%) | 10 (25.6%) | 13 (25.5%) | 10 (13.9%) | 0.187 |
| Aspirin use | 122 (75.3%) | 29 (74.4%) | 37 (72.6%) | 56 (77.8%) | 0.793 |
| Beta blocker use | 99 (61.1%) | 16 (41.0%) | 32 (62.8%) | 51 (70.8%) | 0.009 |
| Statin use | 123 (75.9%) | 27 (69.2%) | 39 (76.5%) | 57 (79.2%) | 0.502 |
| Calcium channel blocker use | 46 (28.4%) | 13 (33.3%) | 14 (27.5%) | 19 (26.4%) | 0.729 |
| Cardiac catheterization laboratory | |||||
| ACS on presentation | 29 (17.9%) | 3 (7.7%) | 3 (5.9%) | 23 (31.9%) | <0.001 |
| Presence of collateral | 20 (12.4%) | 5 (12.8%) | 4 (7.8%) | 11 (15.3%) | <0.001 |
| Stenosis in most severe vessel (%) | 50 (80) | 0 (0) | 40 (25) | 90 (15) | <0.001 |
| Serum lipoprotein levels, nb | 82 | 12 | 22 | 48 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 150.5 (60) | 157 (53) | 160.5 (60) | 147 (58.5) | 0.835 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 82 (42) | 83.5 (35.5) | 83 (44) | 80 (39) | 0.625 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 38.5 (13) | 35.5 (12) | 41 (11) | 38.5 (14.5) | 0.329 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 140.5 (128) | 164 (164.5) | 162 (128) | 130.5 (119.5) | 0.521 |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or count (%).
a
One-way ANOVA across CAD extent was performed for continuous variables, and Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was performed for categorical variables.
b
A fasting lipid panel obtained for clinical purposes was available in 82 participants; comparisons of lipid levels were completed using log-transformed data.