Fig 3. Fv/Fm (a), ΦPSII (b), qN (c), qP (d), Pn (e), g_s (f), C_i (g), T_r (h) and WUE (i) in R. pseudoacacia leaves were affected by Pb stress levels and AMF inoculation.

NM, non-inoculated control; Fm, inoculated with F. mosseae; and Ri, inoculated with R. intraradices. The results are represented as the mean (n = 6) ± SD. The same letter indicates no significant difference among treatments (Duncan’s test, P < 0.05). Two-way ANOVAs were used to determine the significance of the effects of Pb stress (Pb), AMF inoculation (AMF), and their interactions (Pb × AMF) on those parameters, as shown in S2 and S3 Tables.