Table 2. Association between psychotic-like experience and nonsuicidal self-injury estimated by multivariable logistic regression.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||
| Mania/hypomania | 2.85 | 2.46 | 1.10 | 1.13 | Paranoia | 3.57*** | 2.60** | 2.07* | 2.02* |
| [0.98,8.23] | [0.84,7.19] | [0.34,3.52] | [0.34,3.74] | [1.96,6.52] | [1.43,4.73] | [1.08,3.96] | [1.03,3.96] | ||
| Alcohol | 2.78*** | 1.65 | 2.69*** | 1.60 | |||||
| dependence | [1.79,4.30] | [0.97,2.78] | [1.74,4.18] | [0.95,2.72] | |||||
| Drug dependence | 1.58 | 1.25 | 1.48 | 1.17 | |||||
| [0.94,2.66] | [0.67,2.31] | [0.88,2.51] | [0.63,2.20] | ||||||
| Common mental | 2.43*** | 0.82 | 2.32*** | 0.80 | |||||
| disorder a | [1.79,3.31] | [0.56,1.21] | [1.70,3.18] | [0.54,1.17] | |||||
| Borderline personality | 1.65*** | 1.64*** | 1.64*** | 1.65*** | |||||
| disorder symptoms b | [1.55,1.76] | [1.52,1.78] | [1.54,1.76] | [1.52,1.78] | |||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||
| Thought control | 2.45* | 1.99 | 1.23 | 1.19 | Strange | 3.13*** | 2.22*** | 1.21 | 1.27 |
| [1.05,5.74] | [0.80,4.99] | [0.41,3.64] | [0.39,3.63] | experience | [1.99,4.93] | [1.41,3.51] | [0.69,2.11] | [0.73,2.20] | |
| Alcohol | 2.69*** | 1.62 | 2.62*** | 1.57 | |||||
| dependence | [1.73,4.20] | [0.95,2.74] | [1.69,4.07] | [0.93,2.63] | |||||
| Drug dependence | 1.58 | 1.23 | 1.62 | 1.26 | |||||
| [0.93,2.69] | [0.66,2.29] | [0.96,2.74] | [0.67,2.37] | ||||||
| Common mental | 2.43*** | 0.81 | 2.15*** | 0.76 | |||||
| disorder a | [1.79,3.30] | [0.55,1.19] | [1.57,2.93] | [0.51,1.12] | |||||
| Borderline personality | 1.66*** | 1.65*** | 1.65*** | 1.65*** | |||||
| disorder symptoms b | [1.55,1.77] | [1.53,1.79] | [1.54,1.76] | [1.52,1.79] | |||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | ||
| Auditory | 4.03** | 3.16* | 2.07 | 2.23 | Any PLE | 2.78*** | 2.10*** | 1.27 | 1.30 |
| hallucination | [1.56,10.42] | [1.21,8.21] | [0.71,5.98] | [0.75,6.65] | [1.88,4.11] | [1.42,3.10] | [0.81,1.99] | [0.83,2.04] | |
| Alcohol | 2.72*** | 1.63 | 2.67*** | 1.61 | |||||
| dependence | [1.76,4.22] | [0.96,2.76] | [1.72,4.14] | [0.96,2.72] | |||||
| Drug dependence | 1.58 | 1.24 | 1.54 | 1.23 | |||||
| [0.93,2.70] | [0.66,2.32] | [0.92,2.60] | [0.66,2.28] | ||||||
| Common mental | 2.37*** | 0.80 | 2.18*** | 0.79 | |||||
| disorder a | [1.76,3.20] | [0.54,1.17] | [1.60,2.96] | [0.54,1.16] | |||||
| Borderline personality | 1.65*** | 1.65*** | 1.64*** | 1.64*** | |||||
| disorder symptoms b | [1.55,1.76] | [1.52,1.79] | [1.54,1.76] | [1.52,1.78] | |||||
Abbreviation: PLE Psychotic-like experience
Data are odds ratio [95% confidence interval].
a Common mental disorders referred to having at least one of: depressive episode, mixed anxiety and depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b The total number of borderline personality disorder criteria endorsed. The score ranges from 0 to 9.
Model 1: Adjusted for sex, age, education, ethnicity, income, and number of stressful life events.
Model 2: In addition to the variables in Model 1, adjusted for alcohol and drug dependence, and common mental disorders.
Model 3: In addition to the variables in Model 1, adjusted for borderline personality disorder symptoms.
Model 4: Adjusted for the variables in Model 1, alcohol and drug dependence, common mental disorders, and borderline personality disorder symptoms.
* p<0.05
** p<0.01
*** p<0.001