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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015 Aug 27;36(12):1451–1454. doi: 10.1017/ice.2015.195

TABLE 1.

Pre-enrollment Patient Characteristics

Variable Probiotic (n = 30) Standard of care (n = 40) P value
Age, median (range), y 65 (29–82) 59 (32–82) .06
Female sex 18 (60) 20 (50) .41
Nonwhite race 11 (37) 16 (40) .78
Pre-enrollment hospital LOS, median (range), d 6.0 (1–17) 4.5 (1–23) .31
Pre-enrollment ICU LOS, median (range), d 4.5 (1–16) 3.53 (1–22) .18
Patient location
 Cardiac ICU 13 (43) 14 (35) Reference
 Medical ICU 17 (57) 26 (65) .48
Pre-enrollment mechanical ventilation 20 (67) 20 (50) .16
APACHE II
 1–17 12 (40) 17 (43) Reference
 18–24 12 (40) 15 (38) .82
 ≥25 6 (20) 8 (20) .93
Pre-enrollment medication exposures ≥ 12 hours
 Aztreonam 5 (17) 0 (0) .01
 Carbapenems 4 (13) 6 (15) >.99
 Cephalosporins 12 (40) 20 (50) .41
 Metronidazole PO/IV 5 (17) 2 (5) .13
 Penicillins 2 (7) 3 (8) >.99
 Vancomycin IV 13 (43) 18 (45) .89
 Any antibiotic 22 (73) 25 (63) .34
 PPI/H2 blocker 20 (67) 25 (63) .72

NOTE. Data are no. (%) of subjects unless otherwise indicated. APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; H2 blocker, H2 receptor antagonists; ICU, intensive care unit; IV, intravenous; LOS, length of stay; PO, by mouth; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.

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