Table 2. Effect of verbal and physical violence against substitute (daeri) on their depression.

Violence	Crude	Model I*	Model II†
Verbal violence, over the past year
≤ 4 times a year	1.00	1.00	1.00
> 4 times a year	2.44 (1.05-5.68)	2.67 (1.08-6.61)	2.84 (1.11-7.30)
Physical violence, over the past year
Never experienced	1.00	1.00	1.00
Experienced	2.77 (1.18-6.51)	3.04 (1.22-7.60)	3.26 (1.27-8.36)

^*Model I: Adjusted for age, marriage, educational level, and household income; ^†Model II: Adjusted for age, marriage, education level, household income, work tenure, daily working hours, and monthly working days.