Table 2.
Cytotoxic activities (IC50) of fungal endophyte extracts against three human cancer cell lines.
| Code | Genbank match | Order > family | IC50 (μg/mL)[a] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU-1[b] | MCF-7[c] | PC-3[d] | |||
| Noni leaf endophytes | |||||
| MRL1-3A | Stemphylium solani | Pleosporales > Pleosporaceae | 4 | 2 | 5 |
| MRL2-1 |
Fusarium sp. (anamorphic Gibberella) |
Hypocreales > Nectriaceae | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| MRL1-2-2 | Acremonium sp. | Hypocreales > Hypocreaceae | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| MRL2-3 | Didymellaceae sp. | Pleosporales > Didymellaceae | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| MRL5-1 | Hypocreales sp. | Hypocreales | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| IXLP3 | Guignardia sp. | Botryosphaeriales > Botryosphaeriaceae | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| VIIILP2-1 |
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
(anamorphic Glomerella cingulata) |
Glomerellales > Glomerellaceae | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| XILP7-2 | Colletotrichum boninense complex | Glomerellales > Glomerellaceae | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| VIIILP1 | Leptosphaerulina australis | Pleosporales > Didymellaceae | 4 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
| XILP6 | Mycosphaerella sp. | Capnodiales > Mycosphaerellaceae | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| XILP5 | Xylariaceae sp. | Xylariales > Xylariaceae | 5 | 10 | 10 |
| XIILP3-1 |
Aspergillus pseudodeflectus
(anamorphic Emericella) |
Eurotiales > Trichocomaceae | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| Noni fruit endophytes | |||||
| XSM1 | Phlebiopsis sp. | Polyporales > Phanerochaetaceae | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| VIIIfP1 | Paraconiothyrium sporulosum | Pleosporales > Montagnulaceae | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| IIfP |
Phomopsis sp. (anamorphic Diaporthe) |
Diaporthales > Valsaceae | >50 | >50 | >50 |
| Positive control (ellipticine) |
0.02 ± 0.001 | 0.05 ± 0.002 | 0.3 ± 0.012 | ||
[a]The IC50 value is defined as the concentration of extract required to produce 50% reduction in viability compared to the standard cytotoxic agent, ellipticine. All fungal extracts were tested in triplicate, and IC50 values were calculated from the mean dose-response curves. IC50 values represent the average over triplicate experiments performed with three successive passages of the same endophyte.
[b]LU-1, human lung adenocarcinoma.
[c]MCF-7, human mammary adenocarcinoma.
[d]PC-3, human prostate adenocarcinoma.