Figure 4.

Forest plot of randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of replacing sources of animal with plant protein in individuals with diabetes on fasting insulin. Pooled effect estimates for each subgroup and overall effect are represented by the diamonds. Data are expressed as weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using the generic inverse-variance method with random effects models. Paired analyses were applied to all crossover trials. Inter-study heterogeneity was tested by the Cochran Q-statistic and quantified by I² at a significance level of p < 0.10; df, degrees of freedom.