Table 2.
Cross-sectional baseline characteristics of short sleepers (<10 h). The right-hand columns present the regression coefficients, with 95% CI (Confidence Interval).
| Outcome | Not Short Sleeper n = 3883 | Short Sleeper n = 2061 | Regression Coefficient | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI score, Cole 2012 | 0.25 | 0.61 | 0.12 | 0.05; −0.18 |
| Dietary factors modeled in multivariable model shown in Table 3 | ||||
| HC morning sugar, n (%) | 1080 (27.8) | 405 (19.7) | 0.03 | −0.13; 0.19 |
| HC morning starch, n (%) | 997 (25.7) | 489 (23) | 0.21 | 0.05; 0.37 |
| HC midday sugar, n (%) | 987 (25) | 499 (24) | −0.16 | −0.31; −0.00 |
| HC midday starch, n (%) | 754 (19) | 732 (36) | −0.08 | −0.24; 0.08 |
| HC evening sugar, n (%) | 916 (24) | 570 (28) | 0.21 | 0.05; 0.36 |
| HC evening starch, n (%) | 887 (23) | 599 (29) | 0.07 | −0.08; 0.22 |
| Energy, kcal/day, mean | 1522.8 | 1655.6 | 31.74 | 7.69; 55.79 |
| Eats breakfast, % | 84.17 | 81.82 | −0.03 | −0.047; −0.00 |
| Other factor modeled in multivariable model shown in Table 3 | ||||
| High parent education % | 39.5 | 29.1 | −0.029 | −0.06; 0.00 |
| Descriptive dietary factors, not in multivariable model shown in Table 3 | ||||
| Starch, g/day | 99.8 | 122.4 | 3.92 | 1.29; 6.55 |
| Sugar, g/day | 91.8 | 87.9 | 0.52 | −1.88; 2.92 |
| Carbohydrate, energy-%, day | 52.3% | 52.2% | 0.01 | −0.64; 0.65 |
| Fat, energy-%, day | 31.5% | 31.0% | 0.09 | −0.43; 0.61 |
| Protein, energy-%, day | 15.8% | 16.0% | −0.29 | −0.55; 0.03 |
Footnote: High carbohydrate (HC-starch and HC-sugar categories) were calculated for starch and sugar at three time-points (morning, midday and evening) by assigning those in the highest quartile for grams of sugar/total energy intake (EI) and grams of starch/total EI to the HC groups.