Table 4.
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores according to ACS guidelines adherence score among breast cancer survivors with stage I to III (n = 160) 1.
| ACS Guidelines Score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRQOL Items | n | Q1 (n = 50) | Q2 (n = 32) | Q3 (n = 30) | Q4 (n = 48) | p for Trend 2 |
| ACS score, range | 160 | 0–2 | 3 | 4 | 5–6 | |
| EORTC QLQ-C30, LS means (95% CI) | ||||||
| Global health status/QoL | 134 | 23.36 (15.32–35.62) | 30.73 (18.74–50.39) | 33.10 (19.08–57.44) | 25.19 (16.00–39.67) | 0.68 |
| Functioning | ||||||
| Physical Functioning | 158 | 75.67 (65.17–87.87) | 77.87 (65.48–92.59) | 83.99 (69.25–101.86) | 76.60 (65.13–90.09) | 0.74 |
| Role Functioning | 160 | 63.64 (48.26–83.92) | 79.45 (56.88–110.98) | 105.76 (72.86–153.52) | 81.32 (59.63–110.89) | 0.07 |
| Emotional Functioning | 160 | 71.80 (58.30–88.43) | 73.83 (57.41–94.96) | 60.06 (45.36–79.51) | 79.72 (63.11–100.70) | 0.67 |
| Cognitive Functioning | 160 | 72.15 (61.40–84.79) | 71.48 (58.82–86.86) | 88.74 (71.40–110.29) | 66.52 (55.51–79.72) | 0.77 |
| Social Functioning | 160 | 57.16 (46.21–70.69) | 64.57 (49.95–83.48) | 77.86 (58.47–103.67) | 71.06 (55.99–90.19) | 0.05 |
| Symptom | ||||||
| Fatigue | 159 | 27.30 (20.25–36.79) | 25.76 (18.12–36.62) | 19.77 (13.35–29.28) | 24.65 (17.74–34.24) | 0.37 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 160 | 2.71 (1.59–4.62) | 2.93 (1.54–5.57) | 2.35 (1.15–4.82) | 2.60 (1.43–4.73) | 0.79 |
| Pain | 159 | 10.26 (5.74–18.35) | 15.99 (8.06–31.72) | 6.79 (3.16–14.59) | 8.38 (4.42–15.89) | 0.28 |
| Dyspnea | 158 | 4.84 (2.53–9.24) | 4.53 (2.11–9.71) | 4.20 (1.80–9.84) | 3.32 (1.63–6.78) | 0.32 |
| Insomnia | 158 | 12.66 (6.94–23.09) | 17.57 (8.65–35.69) | 18.25 (8.27–40.28) | 21.30 (10.95–41.44) | 0.14 |
| Loss of appetite | 158 | 2.48 (1.34–4.59) | 2.27 (1.10–4.68) | 3.08 (1.37–6.93) | 1.89 (0.96–3.73) | 0.59 |
| Constipation | 158 | 6.92 (3.62–13.21) | 5.00 (2.34–10.65) | 6.96 (2.99–16.20) | 6.48 (3.19–13.14) | 0.99 |
| Diarrhea | 160 | 3.83 (2.14–6.84) | 2.73 (1.35–5.50) | 2.76 (1.26–6.03) | 2.93 (1.53–5.62) | 0.45 |
| Financial impact | 160 | 9.73 (5.17–18.29) | 7.18 (3.35–15.40) | 9.18 (3.92–21.49) | 5.70 (2.81–11.57) | 0.22 |
| EORTC QLQ-BR23, LS means (95% CI) | ||||||
| Functioning | ||||||
| Body image | 160 | 42.54 (27.15–66.64) | 32.57 (18.94–56.01) | 48.20 (26.33–88.24) | 29.92 (18.08–49.50) | 0.35 |
| Sexual functioning | 153 | 1.91 (1.03–3.55) | 2.70 (1.28–5.67) | 2.36 (1.05–5.30) | 4.01 (2.00–8.03) | 0.06 |
| Future perspective | 160 | 36.99 (21.71–63.02) | 27.65 (14.53–52.64) | 43.67 (21.30–89.53) | 32.90 (18.10–59.82) | 0.95 |
| Symptom | ||||||
| Systematic therapy side effects | 160 | 21.95 (16.30–29.55) | 25.72 (17.95–36.84) | 19.12 (12.80–28.54) | 18.89 (13.53–26.36) | 0.26 |
| Breast symptoms | 160 | 14.19 (8.71–23.11) | 12.32 (6.83–22.21) | 10.31 (5.35–19.89) | 11.08 (6.41–19.14) | 0.34 |
| Arm symptoms | 160 | 19.25 (12.92–28.68) | 25.87 (15.99–41.87) | 20.03 (11.71–34.26) | 28.65 (18.32–44.79) | 0.17 |
| Upset by hair loss | 101 | 23.78 (11.61–48.74) | 19.30 (8.45–44.07) | 18.83 (6.41–55.36) | 42.87 (18.83–97.59) | 0.20 |
Abbreviations: ACS, American Cancer Society; LS means, least-squares means; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; EORTC QLQ-C30, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30; BR23, breast cancer module 23; 1 Models were adjusted for age (year; continuous), energy intake (kcal/day; continuous), dietary supplement use (yes, no), education level (high school or below, college or above), marital status (married or cohabitation, unmarried or divorced or widowed), breast cancer stage (I, II, III), and time since surgery (6 month-1, 1–5, ≥5 years); 2 p for trend was calculated using the median value of each quartile category as a continuous variable.