Table 2.

Surgery index

	LRR (n = 492)	ORR (n = 424)	P value
Surgery duration (min)	143.89 ± 50.865	164.86 ± 67.993	< 0.001
Surgery bleeding (mL)	111.54 ± 97.148	154.03 ± 154.545	< 0.001
Maximum incision (cm)	4.14 ± 0.738	13.8 ± 2.603	< 0.001
Conversions to open	12 (2.4%)
Tumor diameter (cm)	4.338 ± 1.6387	4.325 ± 1.8274	0.914
Sample length(cm)	18.050 ± 5.1748	17.553 ± 5.7995	0.182
Proximal margin (cm)	10.487 ± 4.2906	10.673 ± 5.2175	0.567
Distal margin (cm)	3.214 ± 1.8727	2.873 ± 2.4913	0.022
Lymph nodes retrieved (unit)	11.09 ± 6.503	10.68 ± 6.321	0.338

LRR: Laparoscopy in radical resection; ORR: Open radical resection.