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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 24.
Published in final edited form as: Bladder (San Franc). 2015 Jul 17;2(2):e15. doi: 10.14440/bladder.2015.44

Figure 1. Expression of HCN channels in the bladder mucosa and detrusor of human and rat bladder measured by real-time QPCR.

Figure 1

A and B. In human bladder, expression of HCN subtypes in bladder mucosa (A) was lower compared to expression in detrusor (B). Among the subtypes, expression of HCN4 was predominant in human detrusor with comparable expression of HCN1 and HCN3 subtype. Bars depict the relative quantity of expression level with respect to expression in human heart (mean ± SEM; n = 3 specimens). C and D. The expression of HCN1 subtype was predominant in rat bladder mucosa (C) and detrusor (D) with expression comparable for other subtypes in bladder mucosa and detrusor. HCN channel subtype expression in human and rat bladder was normalized to β-Actin and calculated relative to expression in human heart and rat heart, respectively using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Relative expression is plotted as relative quantity RQ.