Table 1.
Sample Characteristics (N = 64)
| Characteristic | n (%), M (SD), or Median (IQ range) |
| Medical factors | |
| Female | 32 (50) |
| White | 39 (61) |
| Gestational age at birth, wk | 26.5 (1.9) |
| Birth weight, g | 929.0 (250.5) |
| Clinical Risk Index for Babies score | 3.7 (3.3) |
| Days on ventilator | 3 (1–24) |
| Days on continuous positive airway pressure | 3 (1–10) |
| Oxygen hours | 1,572 (912–2,286) |
| Oxygen requirement at 36 wk PMA | 32 (50) |
| Days on total parenteral nutrition | 18 (11–34) |
| Prenatal steroids | 59 (92) |
| Postnatal steroids | 21 (33) |
| Confirmed sepsis | 19 (30) |
| Inotrope use | 21 (33) |
| Length of stay, days | 93.5 (28.9) |
| Postmenstrual age at discharge, wk | 40 (3.5) |
| Patent ductus arteriosus | 36 (56) |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 6 (9) |
| Retinopathy of prematurity | 10 (16) |
| Multiple birth | 27 (42) |
| Vaginal delivery | 17 (27) |
| Cerebral injury | 13 (20) |
| Social factor (mother) | |
| Prenatal visits | 5.4 (2.7) |
| Maternal age | 28.9 (7.1) |
| Married | 28 (44) |
| Illicit drug use | 2 (3) |
| Private insurance | 28 (44) |
| College education | 31 (48) |
Note. IQ = interquartile; M = mean; PMA = postmenstrual age; SD = standard deviation.