Table 5.

Findings from clinical studies on combined effects of resveratrol and exercise training in humans, comparing exercise training alone (ET) to exercise training combined with resveratrol supplementation (REX).

Study	Species	Age	Training	Resveratrol dosage	Response to ET vs. sedentary	Response to REX
Olesen et al. (44)	Men	65±1 years	8-week endurance	250 mg	Increased PGC-1a mRNA; increased exercise performance; reduced TNFa mRNA	PGC-1a: no extra effect; performance (one-legged knee-extensor): no additional effect of resveratrol; no effect of resveratrol on adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1); resveratrol impaired training-induced reduction of TNFa mRNA
Gliemann et al. (15)	Men	65±1 years	8 weeks of high-intensity training	250 mg	Greater increase in VO2max; reduced mean arterial pressure; reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) ratio, and triglyceride concentrations (TGs) in blood	45% lower VO2max than in REX; no additional reduction in mean arterial pressure, only in placebo; REX abolished the training effect on LDL, TC/HDL, and TGs; no effect of REX on SIRT1
Gliemann et al. (14)	Men	65±1 years	8 weeks of high-intensity training	250 mg	~20% increase in capillary to fiber ratio (C:F), an increase in the muscle protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	No increase in C:F ratio and VEGF protein expression.