Table 4.
Associations between fertilization rate* among initiated cycles and quartiles of geometric means of specific gravity-adjusted urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations among men whose partner underwent IVF
| Phthalate metabolite quartiles | N | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Confounder-adjusted† OR (95% CI) | Confounder- and female phthalate-adjusted‡ OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEP (ng/ml) | 211 | |||
| 1 (≤26.01) | 52 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 (26.02–57.07) | 53 | 0.85 (0.57 – 1.29) | 0.85 (0.56 – 1.29) | 0.92 (0.60 – 1.39) |
| 3 (57.08–140) | 53 | 1.02 (0.67 – 1.55) | 1.02 (0.67 – 1.55) | 1.16 (0.75 – 1.79) |
| 4 (141–15,634) | 53 | 1.10 (0.72 – 1.68) | 1.10 (0.72 – 1.68) | 1.29 (0.83 – 2.00) |
| P-trend | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.15 | |
| MBP (ng/ml) | 199 | |||
| 1 (≤7.42) | 49 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 (7.43–13.74) | 50 | 0.73 (0.48 – 1.13) | 0.73 (0.47 – 1.13) | 0.66 (0.42 – 1.04) |
| 3 (13.75–23.13) | 51 | 0.81 (0.52 – 1.27) | 0.81 (0.52 – 1.27) | 0.66 (0.40 – 1.09) |
| 4 (23.14–4,756) | 49 | 0.85 (0.54 – 1.34) | 0.85 (0.54 – 1.34) | 0.69 (0.42 – 1.14) |
| P-trend | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.33 | |
| MiBP (ng/ml) | 211 | |||
| 1 (≤4.33) | 51 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 (4.34–7.54) | 53 | 1.24 (0.82 – 1.88) | 1.25 (0.82 – 1.89) | 1.21 (0.78 – 1.87) |
| 3 (7.55–12.46) | 54 | 0.71 (0.47 – 1.07) | 0.71 (0.47 – 1.07) | 0.67 (0.43 – 1.06) |
| 4 (12.47–191) | 53 | 1.06 (0.70 – 1.61) | 1.06 (0.69 – 1.61) | 0.95 (0.58 – 1.54) |
| P-trend | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.70 | |
| MBzP (ng/ml) | 211 | |||
| 1 (≤2.10) | 52 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 (2.11–4.06) | 53 | 0.70 (0.45 – 1.07) | 0.70 (0.45 – 1.07) | 0.70 (0.45 – 1.08) |
| 3 (4.07–7.02) | 53 | 0.73 (0.48 – 1.12) | 0.73 (0.48 – 1.12) | 0.78 (0.50 – 1.22) |
| 4 (7.03–176) | 53 | 0.66 (0.44 – 1.01) | 0.67 (0.44 – 1.01) | 0.69 (0.43 – 1.11) |
| P-trend | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.27 | |
| MCPP (ng/ml) | 211 | |||
| 1 (≤2.31) | 53 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 (2.32–4.11) | 52 | 1.42 (0.98 – 2.05) | 1.43 (0.99 – 2.07) | 1.38 (0.94 – 2.01) |
| 3 (4.12–8.50) | 53 | 1.41 (0.94 – 2.13) | 1.42 (0.94 – 2.15) | 1.37 (0.88 – 2.12) |
| 4 (8.51–56.34) | 53 | 1.28 (0.84 – 1.96) | 1.29 (0.84 – 1.98) | 1.30 (0.82 – 2.07) |
| P-trend | 0.56 | 0.55 | 0.58 | |
| ΣDEHP (μmol/L) | 211 | |||
| 1 (≤0.119) | 51 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 (0.120–0.219) | 55 | 0.89 (0.60 – 1.34) | 0.89 (0.60 – 1.34) | 0.85 (0.55 – 1.30) |
| 3 (0.220–0.620) | 52 | 0.90 (0.60 – 1.36) | 0.90 (0.60 – 1.36) | 0.82 (0.53 – 1.28) |
| 4 (0.630–20.51) | 53 | 1.23 (0.80 – 1.89) | 1.23 (0.80 – 1.90) | 1.09 (0.67 – 1.78) |
| P-trend | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.31 | |
| MCOP (ng/ml) | 190 | |||
| 1 (≤9.72) | 46 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 (9.73–24.43) | 49 | 0.85 (0.55 – 1.30) | 0.84 (0.55 – 1.30) | 0.86 (0.52 – 1.41) |
| 3 (24.44–71.10) | 48 | 0.94 (0.60 – 1.47) | 0.94 (0.60 – 1.47) | 1.07 (0.62 – 1.83) |
| 4 (71.11–813) | 47 | 0.87 (0.56 – 1.37) | 0.88 (0.56 – 1.38) | 1.05 (0.59 – 1.87) |
| P-trend | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.71 | |
| MCNP (ng/ml) | 190 | |||
| 1 (≤2.75) | 47 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2 (2.76–4.54) | 49 | 1.17 (0.77 – 1.77) | 1.17 (0.77 – 1.78) | 1.31 (0.83 – 2.08) |
| 3 (4.56–8.60) | 47 | 1.03 (0.67 – 1.58) | 1.03 (0.67 – 1.59) | 1.24 (0.77 – 1.99) |
| 4 (8.61–130) | 47 | 0.99 (0.64 – 1.53) | 0.99 (0.64 – 1.54) | 1.32 (0.79 – 2.20) |
| P-trend | 0.69 | 0.69 | 0.74 |
*
Fertilization rate was defined as the number of fertilized oocytes with two pronuclei divided by the number of mature metaphase II oocytes
†
All models were adjusted for maternal age
‡
These models were adjusted for maternal age and the female partner’s quartile of the phthalate of interest