Table 2.
Predictors of ED Timeliness Measures
| Characteristic | ED-1: LOS, Admitted Effect Size (95% CI) |
ED-2: Boarding Time Effect Size (95% CI) |
OP18: LOS, Discharged Effect Size (95% CI) |
OP-20: Wait Time, Discharged Effect Size (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital Reporting Measure (n) | 723 | 717 | 698 | 697 |
| Metro Location (%) | 21.4 (7.7, 35.2) | 12.5 (3.1, 21.8) | 9.2 (2.8, 15.5) | 4.0 (1.6, 7.1) |
| Region (%) | ||||
| Midwest | ||||
| Northeast | 64.3 (44.3, 84.3) | 44.0 (29.4, 58.7) | 3.3 (−4.7, 11.4) | 2.8 (−1.4, 6.9) |
| South | 26.3 (13.5, 39.0) | 13.4 (5.1, 21.7) | 13.6 (7.6, 19.7) | 5.2 (2.2, 8.3) |
| West | 34.8 (18.6, 51.1) | 23.9 (12.8, 35.0) | 17.6 (10.0, 25.2) | −0.6 (−4.1, 2.8) |
| Ownership (%) | ||||
| Not-For-Profit | ||||
| Public | 16.1 (−1.5, 33.7) | 6.7 (−1.3, 14.7) | 3.3 (−1.2, 7.7) | |
| For-Profit | −20.2 (−33.0, −7.5) | −13.6 (−19.5, −7.6) | −8.4 (−11.1, −5.6) | |
| Teaching Hospital (%) | 26.3 (4.0, 48.7) | 14.4 (3.9, 24.9) | ||
| Psychiatric Consultation Services (%) | −4.4 (−10.2, 1.5) | |||
| Independent Practice Association (%) | −4.8 (−8.3, −1.3) | |||
|
Open Physician- Hospital Organization (%) |
−21.7 (−35.1, −8.2) | |||
| Foundation Model (%) | −4.7 (−8.8, −0.6) | |||
| Annual Occupancy (%) | ||||
| 1st Quartile | ||||
| 2nd Quartile | 12.8 (−1.1, 26.7) | 12.9 (3.9, 22.0) | 4.1 (−2.3, 10.5) | |
| 3rd Quartile | 17.4 (0.7, 34.0) | 13.8 (3.0, 24.6) | 8.9 (1.1, 16.7) | |
| 4th Quartile | 39.7 (20.7, 58.7) | 30.6 (17.7, 43.5) | 10.9 (2.2, 19.6) | |
|
Annual ED Visits (per 10,000 above the mean) |
4.6 (2.5, 6.7) | 1.5 (0.5, 2.5) | 0.7 (0.2, 1.2) | |
| Annual Hospital Admission | ||||
| 1st Quartile | ||||
| 2nd Quartile | 26.1 (10.4, 41.7) | 19.9 (9.7, 30.0) | 14.5 (7.5, 21.5) | |
| 3rd Quartile | 20.5 (−0.3, 41.3) | 18.4 (4.8, 32.0) | 16.7 (7.2, 26.1) | |
| 4th Quartile | 30.1 (3.8, 56.5) | 24.4 (7.0, 41.8) | 21.9 (9.5, 34.2) | |
| CMS Case-Mix Index | ||||
| 1st Quartile | ||||
| 2nd Quartile | −1.4 (−17.7, 14.9) | −5.9 (−10.2, −1.6) | ||
| 3rd Quartile | −12.0 (−30.3, 6.2) | −9.0 (−13.7, −4.3) | ||
| 4th Quartile | −30.5 (−50.1, −10.9) | −9.4 (−14.4, −4.3) | ||
| Proportion Pediatric Visits | ||||
| 1st Quartile | ||||
| 2nd Quartile | 3.8 (−6.6, 14.2) | |||
| 3rd Quartile | 7.9 (−3.1, 18.8) | |||
| 4th Quartile | 5.7 (−5.6, 17.0) | |||
| Proportion Ambulance Arrivals | ||||
| 1st Quartile | ||||
| 2nd Quartile | 13.6 (−2.5, 29.7) | 12.9 (5.5, 20.3) | 4.6 (0.4, 8.7) | |
| 3rd Quartile | 10.3 (−5.4, 26.1) | 13.7 (6.4, 20.9) | 1.0 (−2.9, 4.8) | |
| 4th Quartile | 26.9 (9.1, 44.6) | 15.2 (7.0, 23.3) | −1.3 (−5.4, 2.8) | |
| Proportion Admitted | ||||
| 1st Quartile | ||||
| 2nd Quartile | −4.2 (−11.0, 2.6) | |||
| 3rd Quartile | −2.0 (−9.9, 6.0) | |||
| 4th Quartile | 3.9 (−5.6, 13.3) | |||
|
Proportion of Ambulance Arrivals Admitted |
||||
| 1st Quartile | ||||
| 2nd Quartile | −4.5 (−8.0, −1.0) | |||
| 3rd Quartile | −0.4 (−4.2, 3.3) | |||
| 4th Quartile | −0.6 (−4.5, 3.4) | |||