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. 2015 Dec 17;7(12):6689–6706. doi: 10.3390/v7122966

Figure 2.

Figure 2

TNF-α inhibits viral replication in A549 cells. (A,B) The A549 cells were treated with control or TNF-α siRNA for 24 h and challenged with HCoV 229E of 0.1 MOI. Total RNA was harvested at indicated time and analyzed for TNF-α mRNA and viral N gene expression; (C) The A549 cells were challenged with different concentration of TNF-á for 24 h then infected with HCoV 229E of 0.1 MOI for 8 h. Total RNA was harvested for analyzing viral N gene expression by quantitative-PCR. Values represent average ± SD of three measurements. * p < 0.05, as compared to control siRNA-treated cells.