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. 2015 Dec 17;7(12):6689–6706. doi: 10.3390/v7122966

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Expression of G6PD or IDH1 gene augments antiviral gene expression in HCoV-229E-infected A549-Gi cells. (A,B) A549-Gi cells were transfected with expression construct encoding His-tagged G6PD or IDH1. Forty-eight hours later, RNA and cell lysate were harvested for analysis. Ectopic protein expression of HT-G6PD or IDH1 was measured by western blot. The level of HSCARG gene expression was determined by quantitative-PCR. The level of HSCARG gene expression was normalized to that of vector only-transfected cells; (C) NADPH and NADP+ content were determined by UPLC, and NADPH/NADP+ ratio was calculated. * p < 0.05 as compared to vector only control; (D–F) The A549 cells were transfected with expression construct encoding His-tagged G6PD or IDH1, and cells were infected with HCoV-229E at 0.1 MOI 48 h later; Total RNA was harvested for determination of expression level of TNF-α (at 2 h post-infection) (D); MX1 (at 8 h post-infection) (E) and viral gene (at 8 h post-infection) (F) by quantitative-PCR. Data are expressed relative to that of cells transfected with control vector. Values present the average ± SD of three experiments. * p < 0.05 as compared to vector only-transfected cells.