Table 1.
Distribution of smoking-related factors according to general characteristics among men aged ≥19 years in KNHANES V, 2010–2012.
| All | Current Smoker | Urinary Cotinine Level (μg/mL) | Pack-Years of Smoking | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | N | % w (SE) | GM a (95% CI) | Median (min–max) | |
| All | 6340 | 2450 | 44.1 (0.8) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.07) | 13.2 (0–180) |
| Age group (years) | |||||
| 19–34 | 1071 | 507 | 47.9 (1.6) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.08) | 2.4 (0–33) |
| 35–64 | 3545 | 1528 | 46.6 (1.0) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.07) | 15.8 (0–156) |
| ≥65 | 1724 | 415 | 25.1 (1.2) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | 20.0 (0–180) |
| p-value | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | <0.0001 | ||
| Household income | |||||
| Low | 1202 | 439 | 42.7 (2.1) | 0.1 (0.06, 0.16) | 20.0 (0–156) |
| Lower middle | 1631 | 659 | 46.8 (1.7) | 0.07 (0.04, 0.10) | 13.5 (0–180) |
| Upper middle | 1744 | 681 | 44.9 (1.4) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | 10.5 (0–129) |
| High | 1705 | 647 | 41.3 (1.6) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.06) | 10.3 (0–180) |
| Unknown | 58 | 58 | 47.8 (9.0) | 0.07 (0.00, 2.96) | 16.4 (0–85.5) |
| p-value | 0.01 | 0.03 | <0.0001 | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 5109 | 1868 | 42.1 (0.9) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.06) | 15.1 (0–180) |
| Separated, widowed, or divorced | 314 | 147 | 54.2 (3.6) | 0.21 (0.08, 0.53) | 23.9 (0–180) |
| Not married | 912 | 432 | 47.8 (1.8) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.10) | 2.0 (0–74) |
| Unknown | 5 | 3 | 58.3 (25.6) | - | 40.0 (12.9–86) |
| p-value | <0.0001 | 0.001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Frequency of alcohol intake (/month) | |||||
| None | 1098 | 244 | 24.1 (1.7) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | 15.7 (0–147) |
| 0–1 | 1215 | 405 | 37.8 (1.8) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.05) | 8.3 (0–180) |
| 2–4 | 1666 | 675 | 45.1 (1.5) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | 8.9 (0–150) |
| ≥5 | 2333 | 1116 | 54.2 (1.3) | 0.11 (0.08, 0.15) | 18.5 (0–180) |
| Unknown | 28 | 10 | 46.6 (8.8) | 0.02 (0.00, 0.19) | 7.5 (0–87.5) |
| p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
| <18.5 | 192 | 92 | 51.4 (4.8) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.32) | 17.0 (0–156) |
| 18.5 to <25 | 3940 | 1538 | 43.8 (1.0) | 0.05 (0.04, 0.07) | 12.8 (0–180) |
| ≥25 | 2182 | 807 | 44.1 (1.3) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.08) | 14.0 (0–180) |
| Unknown | 26 | 13 | 44.7 (11.5) | 0.01 (0, 6203.2) | 10.5 (0–45) |
| p-value | 0.14 | 0.93 | 0.006 | ||
| Frequency of eating out | |||||
| <1/month | 646 | 214 | 35.4 (2.5) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.11) | 24.8 (0–156) |
| 1–8/month | 2131 | 712 | 39.4 (1.5) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.08) | 17.5 (0–180) |
| 3–6/week | 1615 | 633 | 45.4 (1.5) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) | 10.0 (0–180) |
| ≥1/day | 1946 | 890 | 48.5 (1.4) | 0.06 (0.04, 0.08) | 10.0 (0–140) |
| Unknown | 2 | 1 | 42.6 (35.0) | - | 8.5 (0.5–16.5) |
| p-value | <0.0001 | 0.70 | <0.0001 | ||
| Correlation coefficient with urinary cotinine level (p-value) | 0.63 (<0.001) | - | 0.27 (<0.001) | ||
a SE: standard error; GM: geometric mean; CI: confidence interval; p-value estimated using survey chi-square tests or survey regression analyses.