Table 3.

Metabolomics analysis of Al₂O₃NP-treated mice cortex.

Metabolite	HMDB ID	Fold Change			Male Al2O3 NPs vs. Male Control		Female Al2O3 NPs vs. Male Control
		Male Al2O3 NPs	Female Control	Female Al2O3 NPs	F Value	p Value	F Value	p Value
L-Serine	HMDB00187	1.98	1.03	4.26 #	13.63	0.002	53.54	<0.0001
Dihydroxy acetone Phosphate	HMDB01473	-	0.83	2.97 #	0.43	0.5261	14.9	0.0017
Inosine	HMDB00195	2.05	1.14	2.61	12.68	0.0022	13.01	0.0019
Prostaglandin E2	HMDB01220	2.43	1.27	4.02	22.31	0.0001	49.69	<0.0001
Acetyl-L-Carnitine	HMDB00201	2.37	0.96	3.86	28.74	<0.0001	37.21	<0.0001
Pyroglutamic Acid	HMDB00267	2.53	0.89	0.52 #	32.57	<0.0001	24.52	<0.0001
Riboflavin	HMDB00244	3.83	1.07	2.18	36.53	<0.0001	27.73	<0.0001
Inosine 5-Monophosphate	HMDB00175	1.89	0.93	1.68	11.42	0.0026	9.52	0.0058
l-Glutamic Acid	HMDB00148	-	1.08	0.17 #	1.69	0.2125	103.89	<0.0001
7b-Hydroxycholesterol	HMDB06119	0.48	0.77	-	28.49	<0.0001	0.89	0.4213
2-Hydroxyestrone	HMDB00343	-	0.98	0.48	0.25	0.6178	41.25	<0.0001
Dl-Glyceraldehyde	HMDB01051	0.3	1.06	0.46	59.77	<0.0001	38.56	<0.0001
Petroselinic Acid	HMDB02080	0.21	1.18	0.48	75.86	<0.0001	42.59	<0.0001

^# p < 0.05, compared with male Al₂O₃ NPs treatment, df = 5.