Table 4.
The cumulative cold effects on cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and hypertensive disease of Beijing and Shanghai, China.
| City | Lag | Cold Effects * (Relative Risks and 95% Confidence Intervals) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVD | CBD | IHD | HPD | ||
| Beijing | 0 | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.03) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.13) |
| 0–7 | 1.11 (1.05, 1.17) a | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) a | 1.12 (1.03, 1.21) a | 1.21 (0.88, 1.65) | |
| 0–14 | 1.21 (1.13, 1.28) a | 1.18 (1.07, 1.29) a | 1.19 (1.09, 1.31) a | 1.22 (0.85, 1.74) | |
| 0–27 | 1.35 (1.24, 1.46) a | 1.27 (1.14, 1.42) a | 1.39 (1.24, 1.57) a | 1.64 (1.06, 2.55) a | |
| Shanghai | 0 | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.08) |
| 0–7 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.94, 1.18) | 0.85 (0.57, 1.25) | |
| 0–14 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) | 1.08 (0.97, 1.21) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.16) | 0.81 (0.52, 1.27) | |
| 0–27 | 1.14 (1.02, 1.27) a | 1.11 (0.95, 1.29) | 1.16 (1.03, 1.34) a | 0.86 (0.47, 1.57) | |
Notes: * The relative risks of cause-specific cardiovascular mortality were associated with the 1st percentile of temperature against the 10th percentile of temperature. The 1st percentile of temperature in Beijing and Shanghai was −6.1 °C and 0.5 °C, respectively. The 10th percentile of temperature in Beijing and Shanghai was −1.5 °C and 5.3 °C, respectively; a p < 0.05.