Table 3.
Nutritional intake of the sample according to DRI and BMI in children aged ≥6 and <10 years.
| Nutrient | DRIs | Total (n 710) | Underweight (n 59) | Normoweight (n 377) | Overweight (n 139) | Obesity (n 135) | p value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Carbohydrates (% TEV) | Under DRIs | 673 | 94.8 | 56 | 94.9 | 357 | 94.7 | 133 | 95.7 | 127 | 94.1 | 0.049 |
| Met DRIs | 37 | 5.2 | 3 | 5.1 | 20 | 5.3 | 6 | 4.3 | 8 | 5.9 | ||
| Over DRIs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Protein(% TEV) | Under DRIs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.157 |
| Met DRIs | 237 | 33.4 | 19 | 32.2 | 131 | 34.7 | 50 | 36.0 | 37 | 27.4 | ||
| Over DRIs | 473 | 66.6 | 40 | 67.8 | 246 | 65.3 | 89 | 64.0 | 98 | 72.6 | ||
| Lipids a (% TEV) | Under DRIs | 15 | 2.1 | 3 | 5.1 | 6 | 1.6 | 1 | 0.7 | 5 | 3.7 | 0.174 |
| Met DRIs | 92 | 13.0 | 4 | 6.8 | 47 | 12.5 | 22 | 15.8 | 19 | 14.1 | ||
| Over DRIs | 603 | 84.9 | 52 | 88.1 | 324 | 85.9 | 115 | 82.7 | 111 | 82.2 | ||
| Cholesterol a (mg/1000 kcal) b | Under DRIs | 200 | 28.2 | 13 | 22.0 | 115 | 30.5 | 33 | 23.7 | 39 | 28.9 | 0.691 |
| Met DRIs | 388 | 54.6 | 36 | 61.0 | 201 | 53.3 | 79 | 56.8 | 72 | 53.3 | ||
| Over DRIs | 122 | 17.2 | 10 | 16.9 | 61 | 16.2 | 27 | 19.4 | 24 | 17.8 | ||
| Fiber (g/day) | Under DRIs | 689 | 97.0 | 57 | 96.6 | 368 | 97.6 | 135 | 97.1 | 129 | 95.6 | 0.680 |
| Met DRIs | 21 | 3.0 | 2 | 3.4 | 9 | 2.4 | 4 | 2.9 | 6 | 4.4 | ||
| Thiamin (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 42 | 5.9 | 7 | 11.9 | 22 | 5.8 | 6 | 4.3 | 7 | 5.2 | 0.210 |
| Met DRIs | 668 | 94.1 | 52 | 88.1 | 355 | 94.2 | 133 | 95.7 | 128 | 94.8 | ||
| Riboflavin (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 55 | 7.7 | 10 | 16.9 | 22 | 5.8 | 13 | 9.35 | 10 | 7.4 | 0.024 |
| Met DRIs | 655 | 92.3 | 49 | 83.1 | 355 | 94.2 | 126 | 90.65 | 125 | 92.6 | ||
| Niacin (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Met DRIs | 709 | 99.9 | 58 | 98.3 | 377 | 100 | 139 | 100 | 135 | 100 | ||
| Pantothenic acid (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 7 | 1.0 | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.7 | 2 | 1.4 | 2 | 1.5 | - |
| Met DRIs | 703 | 99.0 | 375 | 99.5 | 58 | 98.3 | 137 | 98.6 | 133 | 98.5 | ||
| Vit. B6 (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 100 | 14.1 | 13 | 22.0 | 53 | 14.1 | 15 | 10.8 | 1 | 14.1 | 0.001 |
| Met DRIs | 610 | 85.9 | 46 | 78.0 | 324 | 85.9 | 124 | 89.2 | 116 | 85.9 | ||
| Botin (µg/day) | Under DRIs | 14 | 2.0 | 58 | 98.3 | 371 | 98.4 | 136 | 97.8 | 130 | 96.3 | 0.532 |
| Met DRIs | 696 | 98.0 | 1 | 1.7 | 6 | 1.6 | 3 | 2.2 | 5 | 3.7 | ||
| Vit. B12 (µg/day) | Under DRIs | 2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 0.7 | - |
| Met DRIs | 708 | 99.7 | 59 | 100 | 377 | 100 | 138 | 99.3 | 134 | 99.3 | ||
| Folic acid (µg/day) | Under DRIs | 263 | 37.1 | 25 | 42.4 | 137 | 36.3 | 45 | 32.4 | 56 | 41.5 | 0.356 |
| Met DRIs | 447 | 62.9 | 34 | 57.6 | 240 | 63.7 | 94 | 67.6 | 79 | 58.5 | ||
| Vit. C (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 115 | 16.2 | 9 | 15.3 | 63 | 16.7 | 18 | 12.9 | 25 | 18.5 | 0.630 |
| Met DRIs | 595 | 83.8 | 50 | 84.7 | 314 | 83.3 | 121 | 87.1 | 110 | 81.5 | ||
| Vit. A (µg/day) | Under DRIs | 68 | 9.6 | 6 | 10.2 | 31 | 8.2 | 17 | 12.2 | 14 | 10.4 | 0.562 |
| Met DRIs | 642 | 90.4 | 53 | 89.6 | 346 | 91.8 | 122 | 87.8 | 121 | 89.6 | ||
| Vit. D (µg/day) | Under DRIs | 591 | 83.1 | 54 | 91.5 | 302 | 80.1 | 125 | 89.9 | 110 | 81.51 | 0.016 |
| Met DRIs | 119 | 16.9 | 5 | 8.5 | 75 | 19.9 | 14 | 10.1 | 25 | 18.5 | ||
| Vit. E (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 451 | 63.5 | 45 | 76.3 | 237 | 62.9 | 81 | 58.3 | 92 | 68.1 | 0.098 |
| Met DRIs | 259 | 36.5 | 14 | 23.7 | 140 | 37.1 | 58 | 41.7 | 47 | 31.9 | ||
| Calcium (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 214 | 30.2 | 19 | 32.8 | 107 | 28.4 | 46 | 33.1 | 42 | 31.1 | 0.710 |
| Met DRIs | 495 | 69.8 | 39 | 67.2 | 270 | 71.6 | 93 | 66.9 | 93 | 68.9 | ||
| Phosphorus (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 5 | 0.7 | 1 | 1.7 | 3 | 0.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.7 | - |
| Met DRIs | 705 | 99.3 | 58 | 98.3 | 374 | 99.2 | 139 | 100 | 134 | 99.3 | ||
| Magnesium (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 43 | 6.1 | 3 | 5.1 | 19 | 5.1 | 10 | 7.2 | 11 | 8.3 | 0.529 |
| Met DRIs | 664 | 93.9 | 56 | 94.9 | 357 | 94.9 | 129 | 92.8 | 122 | 91.7 | ||
| Iron (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 105 | 14.8 | 17 | 28.8 | 52 | 13.8 | 19 | 13.7 | 17 | 12.2 | 0.017 |
| Met DRIs | 605 | 85.2 | 42 | 71.2 | 325 | 86.2 | 120 | 86.3 | 118 | 87.8 | ||
| Zinc (mg/day) | Under DRIs | 521 | 73.4 | 48 | 81.4 | 275 | 72.9 | 100 | 71.9 | 98 | 72.6 | 0.542 |
| Met DRIs | 189 | 26.6 | 11 | 18.6 | 102 | 27.1 | 39 | 28.1 | 37 | 27.4 | ||
| Iodine (µg/day) | Under DRIs | 358 | 50.4 | 34 | 57.6 | 175 | 46.4 | 75 | 53.9 | 73 | 51.1 | 0.168 |
| Met DRIs | 352 | 49.6 | 25 | 42.4 | 202 | 53.6 | 64 | 46.1 | 62 | 45.9 | ||
| Selenium (µg/day) | Under DRIs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Met DRIs | 710 | 100 | 59 | 100 | 377 | 100 | 139 | 100 | 135 | 100 | ||
| Fluoride (µg/day) | Under DRIs | 669 | 94.2 | 58 | 98.3 | 352 | 93.4 | 131 | 94.2 | 128 | 94.8 | 0.493 |
| Met DRIs | 41 | 5.8 | 1 | 1.7 | 25 | 6.6 | 8 | 5.8 | 7 | 5.2 | ||
Notes: Vit.: vitamin, TEV: total energy value, DRIs: EAR: carbohydrates (50%–60% TEV), proteins (10%–15% TEV), lipids (30%–35% TEV), thiamin (0.8 mg/day), riboflavin (1.2 mg/day), niacin (12 mg/day), vit B6 (1.4 mg/day), biotin (12 µg/day), vit B12 (1.5 µg/day), folic acid (200 µg/day), vit. C (55 mg/day), vit. A (400 µg/day), vit D (5 µg/day), vit E (8 mg/day), calcium (800 mg/day), phosphorus (700 mg/day), iron (9 mg/day), zinc (10 mg/day), iodine (90 µg/day), selenium (30 µg/day) and AI: fiber (25 mg/day), panthothenic acid (3 mg/day), magnesium (180 mg/day), fluoride (1000 µg/day). p value < 0.05: was considered statistically significant (Student’s t-test). a Intakes failed to meet recommendations if they under DRIs, except for total fats and cholesterol, for which inadequate intakes were those over DRIs or nutritional target for Spanish people, respectively. b The DRI for cholesterol was not determinable. Instead the target for the Spanish population of 100 mg/1000 kcal was considered.