Table 2. MicroRNAs implicated in congenital heart disease.

MicroRNA	Species	Congenital heart defect	References
miR-133a-1/miR-1-2; miR-133a-2/miR-1-1	Mice	VSD, chamber dilatation	Zhao et al. (8); Liu et al. (34), Catalucci et al. (9)
miR-1-1/miR-181c	Human cardiac tissue	VSD	Li et al. (35)
miR-92	Mouse embryos	VSD	Catalucci et al. (9)
miR-17-92 cluster	Mice	VSD	Ventura et al. (36)
19b, 29c	Human maternal blood	VSD	Zhu et al. (37)
let-7e-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-379-5p, miR-409-3p, miR-433, miR-487b	Human plasma	VSD	Li et al. (38)
miR-196	Foetal human heart samples	Cardiac septation, morphogenesis, valve formatio	Goddeeris et al. (39)
miR-99a, let-7c, miR-125b-b, miR-155, miR-802	Human DNA	Down Syndrome	Latronico et al. (40)
miR-19b, miR-22, miR-29c, miR -375, miR -421	Human maternal blood	TOF	Zhu et al. (37), O’Brien et al. (41)
miR-26a, miR-95, miR-30b and miR-141	Human aortic valves; porcine valvular interstitial cells	BAV	Nigram et al. (42); Yanagawn et al. (43)

List of microRNAs implicated in congenital heart disease (CHD). miR, microRNA; VSD, ventricular septal defect; TOF, tetralogy of Fallot; BAV, bicuspid aortic valve.