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. 2015 Nov 26;16(12):28180–28193. doi: 10.3390/ijms161226093

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© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Evodiamine inhibits the expression of migration-associated regulators. (A) VSMCs were pretreated with evodiamine for 6 h and then stimulated with PDGF-BB for another 24 h. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of regulators involved in the VSMC migration, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and osteopontin (OPN). For both MMP-2 and MMP-9, their latent forms (72 and 92 kDa, respectively) were detected; (B) The signal ratio of examined protein to the internal control glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was quantified by densitometric scanning; (C) The concentrations of MMP-2 and -9 in the culture medium were detected by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA); (D) The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by using their respective Biotrak Activity Assay Systems. Evo, evodiamine. Data are presented as mean values ± SD of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared with the control group; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01 compared with the PDGF-BB-stimulated group.

Evodiamine inhibits the expression of migration-associated regulators. (A) VSMCs were pretreated with evodiamine for 6 h and then stimulated with PDGF-BB for another 24 h. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression levels of regulators involved in the VSMC migration, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and osteopontin (OPN). For both MMP-2 and MMP-9, their latent forms (72 and 92 kDa, respectively) were detected; (B) The signal ratio of examined protein to the internal control glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was quantified by densitometric scanning; (C) The concentrations of MMP-2 and -9 in the culture medium were detected by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA); (D) The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by using their respective Biotrak Activity Assay Systems. Evo, evodiamine. Data are presented as mean values ± SD of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared with the control group; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01 compared with the PDGF-BB-stimulated group.