Table 2.

Commonly responsive protein groups during maize interactions with fungal and/or viral pathogens. Selected proteins are listed.

Protein Group	Elicited by Pathogen	Tissue	Proteins	References
Pathogen related proteins	Af, Fv, Fg	Embryo, silk, rachis, kernels	Chitinase, glucanase, trypsin and amylase inhibitor, peroxidase	[14,22,23,33,36]
Detoxifying enzymes	Af, Fv, Fg, Cl, RBSDV, SCMV	Leaves, foliage, embryo, silk, rachis, kernels	SOD, catalase, PER, thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, glutathione reductase, GST, dehydroascorbate reductase	[12,22,33,36,46,56,57,68]
Proteins involved in secondary metabolism	Af, Fv, Fg, RBSDV, SCMV	Rachis, leaves, ear	PAL, caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase, chalcone-flavonone isomerase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, hydroxymethyl-butenyl 4-diphosphate synthase	[22,56,58]
Proteins involved in energy producing pathways	Af, Fv, RBSDV, SCMV	Rachis, leaves	GAPDH, ADP-glucose pyro-phosphorylase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, glucose phosphate isomerase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, transketolase	[22,33,36,37,47,56,57,58]
Proteins involved in protein synthesis, folding and stabilization	Af, Fv, Fg	Embryo, rachis, kernel	elF-5A/initiation of translation; HSPs, chaperonins, peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase, cyclophilin	[22,33,36,37,46,47,56]

Af—Aspergillus flavus; Fv—Fusarium verticillioides; Fg—Fusarium graminearum; Cl—Curvularia lunata; RBSVD—Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus; SCMV—Sugarcane mosaicvirus.