| BLCIR | brain-localized carbon ion radiation |
| SSAO | semicarbazide-sensitive amino oxidase |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α |
| IL-6 | interleukin 6 |
| HMGB1 | high mobility group box-1 |
| NS | not significant |
| LYM | lymphocyte |
| TUNEL | terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase dUTP nick end labeling |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| IL-10 | interleukin 10 |
| HPA | hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal |
| GR | glucocorticoid receptor |
| GC | glucocorticoid |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| HIRFL | Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou |
| LET | liner energy transfer |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
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