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. 2015 Dec 16;16(12):30015–30033. doi: 10.3390/ijms161226215

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Role of MSCs in tumor formation or suppression. MSCs can regulate transition to tumor-associated fibroblasts, immune response, angiogenesis, EMT, cancer stem cells, metastasis, and apoptosis. Alternatively, growing evidence shows that MSCs inhibit tumor cell function by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory infiltration and inhibiting the Wnt and AKT signaling pathways.