Table 1.
Patient demographics and clinical characteristics at diagnosis (N = 18 031)
| Variable/group* | North America n = 2326 | Europe n = 3673 | China n = 8683 | Taiwan n = 1587 | South Korea n = 1227 | Japan n = 534 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 62 (11) | 65 (11) | 52 (12) | 61 (12) | 57 (10) | 69 (9) |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 1786 (77) | 2860 (78) | 7497 (86) | 1143 (72) | 1021 (83) | 340 (64) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Tobacco use† | 1187 (61) | 1759 (54) | 3042 (36) | 531 (34) | 802 (69) | 173 (39) |
| Alcohol abuse† | 759 (40) | 1459 (44) | 2034 (24) | 287 (18) | 779 (67) | 7 (2) |
| HCC risk factors, n (%)‡ | n = 2243 | n = 3466 | n = 8538 | n = 1580 | n = 1172 | n = 446 |
| HBV | 522 (23) | 362 (10) | 6575 (77) | 987 (63) | 884 (75) | 64 (14) |
| HCV | 876 (39) | 1590 (46) | 255 (3) | 489 (31) | 112 (10) | 284 (64) |
| ALD | 471 (21) | 1290 (37) | 416 (5) | 66 (4) | 110 (9) | 59 (13) |
| NASH | 275 (12) | 334 (10) | 53 (1) | 84 (5) | 68 (6) | 9 (2) |
| AFP, ng/mL | n = 2023 | n = 2922 | n = 8048 | n = 1572 | n = 1169 | n = 445 |
| Median | 24 | 17 | 219 | 25 | 101 | 18 |
| Child-Pugh status, n (%) | n = 2051 | n = 2513 | n = 7859 | n = 1559 | n = 1164 | n = 442 |
| A | 1458 (71) | 1801 (72) | 6819 (87) | 1439 (92) | 911 (78) | 390 (88) |
| B | 469 (23) | 627 (25) | 960 (12) | 115 (7) | 228 (20) | 49 (11) |
| C | 124 (6) | 85 (3) | 80 (1) | 5 (<1) | 25 (2) | 3 (1) |
| BCLC stage, n (%) | n = 1588§ | n = 2261§ | n = 6501 | n = 1461 | n = 1152 | n = 433 |
| 0 | 107 (7) | 84 (4) | 192 (3) | 213 (15) | 82 (7) | 107 (25) |
| A | 474 (30) | 582 (26) | 1973 (30) | 810 (55) | 290 (25) | 206 (48) |
| B | 157 (10) | 253 (11) | 591 (9) | 176 (12) | 149 (13) | 62 (14) |
| C | 673 (42) | 1158 (51) | 3606 (55) | 250 (17) | 605 (53) | 53 (12) |
| D | 177 (11) | 184 (8) | 139 (2) | 12 (1) | 26 (2) | 5 (1) |
| Tumour diameter, cm¶ | n = 2081 | n = 3163 | n = 6984 | n = 1467 | n = 1160 | n = 433 |
| Median | 3.8 | 3.5 | 6.7 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 2.5 |
| Range | 0.8–28 | 0.1–35 | 0.5–28 | 0.5–22 | 0.2–25 | 0.7–18 |
| Multiple tumours | n = 2198 | n = 3324 | n = 7131 | n = 1535 | n = 1160 | n = 433 |
| Yes/no (%) | 39/61 | 44/56 | 29/71 | 26/74 | 49/51 | 34/66 |
| Any portal vein invasion or thrombosis | n = 2199 | n = 3290 | n = 7828 | n = 1561 | n = 1162 | n = 439 |
| Yes/no (%) | 19/81 | 14/86 | 23/77 | 10/90 | 29/71 | 10/90 |
| Any extrahepatic spread | n = 2200 | n = 3302 | n = 7888 | n = 1558 | n = 1162 | n = 439 |
| Yes/no/not assessed (%) | 8/90/2 | 4/85/11 | 8/62/31 | 2/97/1 | 10/90/<1 | 3/95/3 |
| ECOG/WHO performance status grade, n (%)** | n = 1736 | n = 3051 | n = 8363 | n = 1565 | n = 1169 | n = 443 |
| 0 | 907 (52) | 1328 (44) | 3445 (41) | 1286 (82) | 734 (63) | 403 (91) |
| 1 | 621 (36) | 1325 (43) | 4663 (56) | 238 (15) | 414 (35) | 33 (7) |
| >1 | 208 (12) | 398 (13) | 255 (3) | 41 (3) | 21 (2) | 7 (2) |
| Karnofsky score, n (%)†† | n = 1430 | n = 1670 | n = 8327 | n = 1563 | n = 1169 | n = 2 |
| <50 | 59 (4) | 12 (1) | 59 (1) | 5 (<1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 50–70 | 238 (17) | 200 (12) | 352 (4) | 40 (3) | 239 (20) | 0 (0) |
| 80–100 | 1133 (79) | 1458 (87) | 7916 (95) | 1518 (97) | 930 (80) | 2 (100) |
AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; ALD, alcoholic liver disease; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; ECOG/WHO, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group/World Health Organization; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; SD, standard deviation.
Statistics based on patients with known values.
Past or current.
Percentages were calculated among patients evaluated for HCC risk factors; patients who were not evaluated had missing data and were not included in the calculations.
Data missing in >30% of patients.
Includes patients with missing number of measurable lesions who had values for ‘largest diameter in liver.’
A greater ECOG/WHO performance status grade indicates worse health status (5 = death; 0 = asymptomatic).
A greater Karnofsky score indicates better health status (100 = normal, no complaints, and no evidence of disease; 0 = death).