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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Hepatol. 2015 Jul 26;64(1):44–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.022

Figure 6. A proposed STS-mediated negative feedback loop in chronic inflammatory liver disease that limits the activity of NF-κB and attenuates inflammation.

Figure 6

During chronic inflammation, inflammatory mediators such as LPS and TNFα act on hepatocytes to elicit NF-κB activation. NF-κB then induces the expression of STS, which converts inactive estrogen sulfates to active estrogens and increases estrogen level in the liver and circulation. The estrogens/ER signaling in return suppresses the NF-κB response and inhibits inflammation.