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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 27.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2011 Mar;49(3):287–294. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e318203624f

Table 2. Summary of Health Care Utilization Outcomes Identified in the Systematic Review.

Primary Care Setting ED Setting Non-ED Hospital Setting
Outpatient utilization measured 11 of 21 2 of 4 2 of 4
 Significant decrease 1 - -
 Non-significant decrease 3 - -
 Significant increase 1 - -
 Non-significant increase 4 2 -
 No effect or mixed effect 2 - 2
ED utilization measured 11 of 21 3 of 4 1 of 4
 Significant decrease 2 2 -
 Non-significant decrease 5 1 -
 Significant increase - - -
 Non-significant increase - - -
 No effect or mixed effect 4 - 1
Inpatient utilization measured 19 of 21 2 of 4 4 of 4
 Significant decrease 2 - 1
 Non-significant decrease 7 1 -
 Significant increases - - -
 Non-significant increases 6 1 -
 No effect or mixed effect 4 - 3

Note: ED = emergency department