Table 2.
Summary of secondary outcome measures at time points
| Primary outcome, frequencies | T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FAC=0 (in %) | 105 (70) | 52 (40) | 40 (35) | 26 (26) | 16 (24) | <0.001 |
| FAC=1 (in %) | 7 (5) | 8 (6) | 3 (3) | 6 (6) | 3 (4) | |
| FAC=2 (in %) | 38 (25) | 3 (2) | 5 (4) | 12 (12) | 3 (4) | |
| FAC=3 (in %) | 0 (0) | 30 (23) | 22 (19) | 13 (13) | 15 (22) | |
| FAC=4 (in %) | 0 (0) | 30 (23) | 29 (25) | 28 (28) | 21 (31) | |
| FAC=5 (in %) | 0 (0) | 7 (5) | 16 (14) | 16 (16) | 9 (13) | |
| Muscle strength measures | ||||||
| MRC sum score upper limbs* | 9.50 (2.55) | 11.50 (2.46) | 12.00 (2.49) | 12.00 (2.27) | 12.50 (2.15) | <0.001 |
| MRC sum score lower limbs* | 9.00 (3.25) | 10.50 (3.00) | 10.50 (3.00) | 11.00 (3.50) | 11.00 (3.50) | <0.001 |
| Grip strength (in kg)† | 9.33 (5.35) | 11.92 (6.22) | 13.32 (6.99) | 13.54 (6.18) | 14.19 (7.66) | <0.001 |
| Physical function measures | ||||||
| PFIT-s (points)* | 4.00 (6.00) | 8.00 (5.50) | 8.00 (5.00) | 8.00 (6.00) | 8.00 (5.00) | <0.001 |
| FSS-ICU score (points)* | 16.0 (15.0) | 25.0 (16.0) | 30.0 (14.0) | 29.0 (13.0) | 31.5 (11.0) | <0.001 |
| 10 m walking speed (m/s)† | 0.24 (0.25) | 0.50 (0.50) | 0.51 (0.53) | 0.45 (0.48) | 0.35 (0.42) | <0.001 |
| 6MWT (m)† | 25.8±60.0 | 87.1±109.7 | 114.2±126.3 | 112.8±121.0 | 126.3±125.1 | <0.001 |
| Pain (mm VAS)† | 4.0±8.3 | 7.6±12.3 | 6.2±10.7 | 6.2±9.8 | 4.6±8.3 | 0.751 |
| Functional reach (cm)† | 31.9±23.4 | 46.9±23.5 | 50.6±25.9 | 49.7±24.8 | 54.4±22.2 | <0.001 |
| Cognition measures | ||||||
| MOCA (points)† | 14.3±7.0 | 17.1±7.4 | 18.9±6.6 | 19.8±6.3 | 20.4±6.3 | <0.001 |
| CDT (points)† | 3.9±1.8 | 3.2±1.6 | 2.9±1.4 | 2.6±1.6 | 2.6±1.7 | <0.001 |
| Activities and mobility | ||||||
| BI (points)* | 5.0 (25.0) | 35.0 (55.0) | 45.0 (65.0) | 50.0 (60.0) | 60.0 (60.0) | <0.001 |
*Presented as median and IQRs.
†Presented as means and SDs.
6MWT, 6 min walking test; BI, Barthel Index; CDT, clock drawing test; FAC, Functional Ambulation Categories; FSS-ICU, Functional Status Score for the intensive care unit scored; MOCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MRC, Medical Research Council (muscle strength of the upper limbs (sum of shoulder, elbow and wrist) and lower limbs (sum of hip, knee and ankle)); PFIT-s, Physical Function ICU test scored; T, time point; VAS, visual analogue scale.