Table 1.
Biological functions of different groups of fungal ABC proteins
| Group | Function | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABC-A | Biological function in fungi unknown, but Magnaporthe grisea transporter Abc4 is required for appresoria formation. Mammalian ABC-A transporters are involved in lipid transport and metabolism | [29–31] | ||
| ABC-B | full | ABCB1 | Export of mating pheromones | [32–34] |
| ABCB2 | Multidrug resistance; a specific group of ABCB transporters in ascomycetes (but not in Agaricomycotina) is associated with the biosynthesis cluster for the hydroxamate-type siderophores and might have a role in their metabolism. | [14, 35–37] | ||
| half | ABCB3 | Export of the mitochondria-synthesized precursors of iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters; localised to the inner membrane of mitochondria | [38, 39] | |
| ABCB4 | Heavy-metal resistance; localized to the vacuolar membrane | [40–42] | ||
| ABCB5 | Transporter of the inner mitochondrial membrane involved in the export of peptides released upon proteolysis by m-AAA protease | [43, 44] | ||
| ABCB6 | Unknown | |||
| ABC-C | ABCC1 | Vacuolar import of phosphatidylcholine; bile acid transport | [45, 46] | |
| ABCC2 | Unknown | |||
| ABCC3 | Unknown | |||
| ABCC4 | Unknown | |||
| ABCC5 | Unknown; often associated with the secondary metabolism gene clusters | [14, 15, 36] | ||
| ABCC6 | Heavy metal resistance; vacuolar uptake of glutathione conjugates; localized to vacuolar membrane | [42, 47–49] | ||
| ABCC7 | Drug resistance; heavy metal resistance | [50–52] | ||
| ABC-D | ABCD1 | Import of long-chain fatty acids into peroxisomes | [53] | |
| ABCD2 | Import of long-chain fatty acids into peroxisomes | [53] | ||
| ABCD3/4 | Unknown | |||
| ABC-E | Ribosome biogenesis and assembly of translational pre-initiation complexes | [54, 55] | ||
| ABC-F | ABCF1 | Biogenesis of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits | [56] | |
| ABCF2 | Regulation of mRNA translation; positive regulator of Gcn2p kinase activity | [57] | ||
| ABCF3 | Unknown | |||
| ABCF4 | mRNA export factor | [58] | ||
| ABCF5 | Translation elongation factor | [59, 60] | ||
| ABC-G | ABCG1-5 | Pleiotropic drug resistance; weak organic acid tolerace; export of toxic metabolites, sterol uptake, translocation of membrane phospholipids and quorum sensing | [37, 61] | |
| ABCG6 | Unknown | |||
| ABCG7 | Unknown; are characterised by a presence of EGF domain | [14, 15] | ||
| ABC-I | ABCI1 | Part of the CCR4-NOT transcriptional regulatory complex | [62] | |
| ABCI2 | Unknown | |||
| ABCI3 | Unknown | |||