Table 1.
Beta | Standard error | |
---|---|---|
Constant | 18.232 | |
Poverty rate (%) | 0.173** | 0.01 |
African American (%) | 0.090** | 0.007 |
Latino/Hispanic (%) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Educational attainment (high school or less only) (%) | 0.195** | 0.009 |
2012 Republican Party candidate vote (%) | 0.023** | 0.005 |
λ (the control for spatial clustering in the error term) | 0.663** | 0.017 |
a. Statistical significance for parameter estimates represented as:
p < 0.01.
b. Log likelihood: −7392.7 v.−7905.0 for OLS without spatial error term.
c. To test the robustness of the model, key “swing” states (i.e., FL, NC, IN, CO, VA) were removed and the model re-estimated. Results from the sensitivity analysis (unreported) were consistent in magnitude, direction and significance with those reported in Table 1.