Table 1.

Association between childhood physical abuse and relevant risk factors.

	Full modela		Reduced model
	AOR	95% CI	AOR	95% CI
Control variables
Age
13–14	0.62	0.39–0.99	0.62	0.39–0.96
15–16	0.70	0.38–1.28	0.69	0.37–1.27
17–18	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
19–20	0.92	0.52–1.63	0.88	0.50–1.54
21–22	0.39	0.24–0.63	0.38	0.23–0.62
23–24	0.31	0.13–0.72	0.30	0.13–0.69
Urbanicity
Urban (ref)	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Rural	0.78	0.39–1.57	0.76	0.38–1.54
SES
1st quintile	1.40	0.76–2.59	1.44	0.78–2.67
2nd quintile	0.92	0.53–1.58	0.96	0.56–1.65
3rd quintile	1.31	0.66–2.59	1.36	0.69–2.67
4th quintile	1.24	0.65–2.40	1.28	0.67–2.45
5th quintile (ref)	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Family/home
Mother left family (before age 13)
Yes	1.11	0.70–1.76
No	Ref	Ref
Mother education level
No formal education	1.11	0.67–1.85	1.11	0.65–1.89
Primary	0.66	0.41–1.05	0.66	0.41–1.06
Secondary/high School or tertiary	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Unknown	0.55	0.32–0.94	0.60	0.37–0.96
Relationship to mother
Extremely/quite close	Ref	Ref
Somewhat or not very close	1.44	0.87–2.37
No relationship	1.49	0.70–3.16
Death of mother (before age 13)
Yes	1.64	0.83–3.21	1.94	1.19–3.16
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
No. of families lived with
1	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
2	1.46	0.88–2.42	1.51	0.91–2.49
3 or more	1.95	1.03–3.70	2.02	1.08–3.78
Other violence witnessed or experienced
Emotional abuse (prior to age 13)
Yes	1.68	1.05–2.69	1.77	1.12–2.78
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Sexual violence (prior to age 13)
Yes	1.36	0.65–2.85
No	Ref	Ref

Ref = reference group.

^aFull Models included any variable significant in Individual Models (Adjusted Wald Chi-square, p < 0.10).