Table II.

Adjusted^a difference [β-coefficient, β (SE)] in T-scores of children's behavioral scales for a point increase in maternal self-esteem.

Behavior scale	Overall effects: self-esteem coefficients	Effect modification by cord BPbb: Maternal self-esteem coefficients			Effect modification by patella leadb: Maternal self-esteem coefficients
		Lowc cord BPb (≤3.5 μg/dL)	Highc cord BPb (>3.5 μg/dL)	p interact d	Lowc patella lead (≤3.2 μg/g)	Highc patella lead (>3.2 μg/g)	p interact d
P-ADHD	−0.5 (0.2)§	−0.8 (0.3)‡	−0.2 (0.2)	0.082	−1.1 (0.3)§	−0.4 (0.2)†	0.051
P-DSMI	−0.4 (0.1)‡	−0.7 (0.2)‡	−0.1 (0.2)	0.050	−0.7 (0.3)†	−0.4 (0.2)	0.324
P-DSMHI	−0.4 (0.2)†	−0.3 (0.3)	−0.2 (0.2)	0.722	−0.3 (0.4)	−0.5 (0.2)†	0.589
P-DSMT	−0.4 (0.2)‡	−0.7 (0.3)†	−0.1 (0.2)	0.112	−0.6 (0.3)†	−0.4 (0.2)†	0.534
P-BRI	−0.7 (0.2)§	−0.1 (0.3)‡	−0.4 (0.3)	0.097	−0.8 (0.4)	−0.7 (0.2)‡	0.838
P-MI	−0.5 (0.2)‡	−1.2 (0.3)§	−0.1 (0.3)	0.016	−0.8 (0.5)	−0.6 (0.2)†	0.658
P-GEC	−0.7 (0.2)§	−1.3 (0.3)§	−0.2 (0.3)	0.015	−0.9 (0.5)	−0.7 (0.3)‡	0.688

^aModels were adjusted for economic status, marital status, maternal education and age, child's age and sex, and children's current blood lead (N=144 for overall models; N=102 and N=120 for cord blood lead and patella lead models, respectively).

^†p<0.05

^‡p<0.01

^§p<0.001

^bModels to test for effect modification included, in addition to adjustment factors, cord blood (or patella) lead category (high/low), self-esteem, and the interaction between cord blood (or patella) lead and maternal self-esteem. BPb: blood lead.

^cLead categories (high/low) were defined based on the 25^th percentile (P25) of the lead distribution (i.e., P25=3.5 μg/dL for cord blood lead and P25=3.2 μg/g for patella lead).

^dp_interact is the p-value for the interaction term and indicates the difference in self-esteem coefficients comparing low vs high prenatal lead exposure.