Table 2. Lifestyle and Health Characteristics of Participants (N = 666) in Study on Cancer Worry Among Adults Aged 50 or Older, Spain, 2012–2014a .
| Characteristic | Men, n (%) | Women, n (%) | Total, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Level of physical activityb | |||
| High | 44 (15.8) | 44 (11.4) | 88 (13.2) |
| Moderate | 138 (49.5) | 203 (52.5) | 341 (51.2) |
| Low or inactive | 97 (34.8) | 140 (36.2) | 237 (35.6) |
| Smoking habit | |||
| Yes | 70 (25.1) | 62 (16.0) | 132 (19.8) |
| No | 209 (74.9) | 325 (84.0) | 534 (80.2) |
| Alcohol consumption (hazardous drinker)c | |||
| Yes | 15 (5.4) | 7 (1.8) | 22 (3.3) |
| No | 264 (94.6) | 380 (98.2) | 644 (96.7) |
| Balanced dietd | |||
| Yes | 91 (32.6) | 157 (40.6) | 248 (37.2) |
| No | 187 (67.0) | 228 (58.9) | 415 (62.3) |
| Did not respond to question | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) |
| Personal history of cancer | |||
| Yes | 29 (10.4) | 29 (7.5) | 58 (8.7) |
| No | 250 (89.6) | 358 (92.5) | 608 (91.3) |
| Family history of cancer | |||
| Yes | 118 (42.3) | 204 (52.7) | 322 (48.3) |
| No | 161 (57.7) | 183 (47.3) | 344 (51.7) |
| Number of health problems | |||
| None | 60 (21.5) | 64 (16.5) | 124 (18.6) |
| 1 or 2 | 137 (49.1) | 216 (55.8) | 353 (53.0) |
| ≥3 | 82 (29.4) | 107 (27.6) | 189 (28.4) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Indexe | |||
| 0 or 1 point | 106 (38.0) | 178 (46.0) | 284 (42.6) |
| 2 points | 105 (37.6) | 123 (31.8) | 228 (34.2) |
| ≥3 points | 68 (24.4) | 86 (22.2) | 154 (23.1) |
| Self-perceived health | |||
| Very poor or poor | 6 (2.2) | 15 (3.9) | 21 (3.2) |
| Fair | 47 (16.8) | 102 (26.4) | 149 (22.4) |
| Good or very good | 226 (81.0) | 270 (69.8) | 496 (74.5) |
| Functional limitationf | |||
| Yes | 48 (17.2) | 104 (26.9) | 152 (22.8) |
| No | 231 (82.8) | 283 (73.1) | 514 (77.2) |
| Locus of controlg | |||
| Internal | 188 (67.4) | 249 (64.3) | 437 (65.6) |
| External | 41 (14.7) | 65 (16.8) | 106 (15.9) |
| Random | 11 83.9) | 26 (6.7) | 37 (5.6) |
| Indeterminate | 37 (13.3) | 42 (10.9) | 79 (11.9) |
| Did not respond to question | 2 (0.7) | 5 (1.3) | 7 (1.1) |
| Social supporth | |||
| Weak | 11 (3.9) | 20 (5.2) | 31 (4.7) |
| Normal | 265 (95.0) | 361 (93.3) | 626 (94.0) |
| Did not respond to question | 3 (1.1) | 6 (1.6) | 9 (1.4) |
Through simple random sampling, participants residing in 8 basic health areas in the Province of Albacete in southwest Spain were selected on the basis of health card data, which reflect all people entitled to health care under Spain’s National Health System.
Measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (12).
Defined as consuming 280 g of alcohol per week (men) and 168 g per week (women).
Assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Consumo de Alimentos) (13) in accordance with guidelines of the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria).
Charlson et al (14).
Assessed with the EuroQol-5D questionnaire (15), which includes items on mobility, personal care, daily activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression.
Refers to the extent to which people believe outcomes are determined by what they do (internal control) or are determined by events outside their control (external control); assessed using the 9-item Font scale (16).
Assessed by the 11-item Duke–UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (17).