Table 1.
Sample Demographics
| Schizophrenia Patients (n=175) |
Healthy Volunteers (n=169) |
Statistic | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Age (SD) | 39.1 (11.5) | 37.6 (11.3) | t342=1.24 | 0.22 |
| Subject Educationb (SD) | 3.4 (1.0) | 2.2 (0.9) | t342=11.46 | <0.0001 |
| Parental Educationb (SD) | 2.3 (1.9) | 2.2 (1.5) | t342=0.85 | 0.40 |
| NAART | 29.6 (12.6) | 39.9 (11.3) | t339 = −7.99 | <0.0001 |
| Age at Onset | 21.7 (7.5) | |||
| Duration of Illness | 17.5 (11.4) | |||
| PANSS positive | 15.4 (5.0) | |||
| PANSS negative | 14.6 (5.5) | |||
| PANSS general | 28.5 (7.5) | |||
| PANSS composite | 0.8 (6.4) | |||
| Sex (Male/Female) | 132/43 | 122/47 | χ21=0.46 | 0.49 |
| Handednessa (bilateral/left/right) | 3/13/159 | 2/8/159 | FET | 0.60 |
| Race | FET | 0.10 | ||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 4 | 3 | ||
| Asian | 21 | 14 | ||
| Black or African American | 33 | 18 | ||
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 3 | 2 | ||
| White | 114 | 132 | ||
| Smoking Status | Χ22=68.5 | <0.0001 | ||
| Current Smoker | 81 (46%) | 14 (8%) | ||
| Ex-Smoker | 32 (18%) | 30 (18%) | ||
| Never-Smoker | 62 (36%) | 125 (74%) | ||
| Smoking - Current Pack-years | 6.7 (13.0) | 1.9 (7.2) | t341=4.2 | < 0.0001 |
| Smoking -Lifetime Pack-years | 10.7 (16.4) | 2.3 (8.7) | t340=5.9 | < 0.0001 |
FET=Fisher’s Exact Test
a
based on Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, 1971)
b
based on the Hollingstead Socioeconomic Status Scale (Hollingstead, 1975)
NAART = North American Adult Reading Test (Uttl, 2002)
PANSS = Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (Kay et al., 1989)