| Substrate Medium | Final Concentration | RCR |
| Pyruvate/Malate | 10 mM/5 mM | 16.2 ± 4.6 |
| Succinate/Rotenone | 10 mM/2 μM | 10.6 ± 3.8 |
| Palmitoyl L-Carnitine/Malate | 40 μM/1 mM Malate | 6.7 ± 0.6 |
| Glutamate/Malate | 10 mM/10 mM | 8.6 ± 0.4 |
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