Table 1.
Difficult LC (n = 248)
| Surgical causes (n = 219) | Nonsurgical causes (n = 29) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Causes | n | % | Causes | n | % |
| Frozen Calot’s triangle with fibrosed thick walled gall bladder | 92 | 42 % | Insufficient insufflations | 10 | 35 % |
| Dense adhesions with unclear anatomy | 39 | 18 % | Faulty light cable | 6 | 21 % |
| Bleeding from liver bed / cystic artery | 32 | 14 % | Faulty light source | 5 | 17 % |
| Empyema GB with edematous/friable wall | 17 | 8 % | Faulty clip applicator | 5 | 17 % |
| Anatomical Anomalya | 8 | 4 % | Power failure | 3 | 10 % |
| Cholecystoduodenal fistula | 4 | 2 % | |||
| Multiple causes | 27 | 12 % | |||
| Conversion rate:11 % (n = 28) | |||||
aDuctal = 2; Vascular = 6