Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of ARIC visit 5 participants with PWV by race and sex
| Caucasian | African American | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men n = 1,694 | Women n = 2,208 | Men n = 363 | Women n = 709 | |
| Mean ± SD or median (25th, 75th percentile) | Mean ± SD or median (25th, 75th percentile) | Mean ± SD or median (25th, 75th percentile) | Mean ± SD or median (25th, 75th percentile) | |
| Age (years) | 75.8±5.1 | 75.3±5.0 | 74.4±4.9 | 74.5±5.0 |
| Field center, n (%) | ||||
| Forsyth Co., NC | 427 (25.2) | 540 (24.5) | 25 (6.9) | 40 (5.6) |
| Jackson, MS | 0 | 0 | 338 (93.1) | 669 (94.4) |
| Minneapolis, MN | 691 (40.8) | 880 (39.9) | 0 | 0 |
| Washington Co., MD | 576 (34.0) | 788 (35.7) | 0 | 0 |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| <High school | 146 (8.6) | 199 (9.0) | 108 (29.8) | 186 (26.3) |
| High school | 498 (29.5) | 932 (42.2) | 63 (17.4) | 167 (23.6) |
| >High school | 1,045 (61.9) | 1,076 (48.8) | 192 (52.9) | 355 (50.1) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 94 (5.6) | 123 (5.6) | 29 (8.0) | 44 (6.2) |
| Height (cm) | 173.9±6.6 | 159.3±6.0 | 174.6±6.8 | 161.4±6.0 |
| Weight (kg) | 85.3±13.8 | 69.2±12.9 | 85.7±14.8 | 77.8±14.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.2±4.0 | 27.3±4.7 | 28.1±4.5 | 29.8±4.9 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 104.1±10.6 | 97.1±13.0 | 100.0±11.5 | 96.7±12.5 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 127.9±16.5 | 129.9±17.8 | 131.8±17.8 | 135.0±18.4 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 65.8±10.4 | 65.3±10.2 | 70.4±10.8 | 69.7±10.1 |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | 62.0±13.1 | 64.6±14.7 | 61.4±13.6 | 65.3±15.3 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 86.5±11.1 | 86.9±11.3 | 90.9±11.9 | 91.5±11.3 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 59.7±9.7 | 62.8±9.5 | 64.3±10.7 | 63.7±10.7 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1,155 (69.2) | 1,505 (68.5) | 294 (81.2) | 630 (89.2) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7 (5.4, 6.1) | 5.7 (5.4, 5.9) | 6.0 (5.6, 6.5) | 6.0 (5.6, 6.4) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 6.0 (5.6, 6.8) | 5.8 (5.3, 6.4) | 5.9 (5.4, 6.8) | 5.8 (5.3, 6.7) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 537 (31.9) | 525 (24.0) | 154 (43.0) | 276 (39.3) |
| LDL (mmol/l) | 2.4 (1.9, 3.0) | 2.8 (2.2, 3.4) | 2.5 (2.1, 3.2) | 2.8 (2.3, 3.5) |
| HDL (mmol/l) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) |
| Prevalent coronary heart disease, n (%) | 401 (24.0) | 166 (7.7) | 44 (12.3) | 55 (7.9) |
| Prevalent heart failure, n (%) | 72 (4.3) | 61 (2.8) | 24 (6.6) | 29 (4.1) |
| Prevalent stroke, n (%) | 52 (3.1) | 44 (2.0) | 21 (5.8) | 31 (4.4) |
| Prevalent peripheral arterial disease (ABI <0.9), n (%) | 36 (2.2) | 29 (1.3) | 23 (6.5) | 40 (5.7) |
| Medication use, n (%) | ||||
| β-Blocker | 532 (32.0) | 637 (29.2) | 81 (23.1) | 155 (22.2) |
| α-Blocker | 59 (3.5) | 49 (2.2) | 17 (4.8) | 43 (6.2) |
| Diuretic | 505 (30.3) | 792 (36.3) | 185 (52.7) | 441 (63.1) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 585 (35.1) | 529 (24.2) | 152 (43.3) | 233 (33.3) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 221 (13.3) | 345 (15.8) | 64 (18.2) | 185 (26.5) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 345 (20.7) | 431 (19.7) | 134 (38.2) | 302 (43.2) |
| Pulse wave velocity | ||||
| cfPWV (cm/s) | 1,162.8±296.9 | 1,120.7±282.3 | 1,247.3±343.7 | 1,222.1±331.5 |
| baPWV (cm/s) | 1,742.1±311.5 | 1,735.5±316.3 | 1,709.4±341.8 | 1,724.3±304.1 |
| faPWV (cm/s) | 1,106.1±1788.8 | 1,114.3±178.0 | 1,049.0±187.2 | 1,051.8±176.0 |
Abbreviations: ABI, ankle-brachial index; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BMI, body mass index; Co., county; cfPWV, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; faPWV, femoral-ankle pulse wave velocity; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MD, Maryland; MN, Minnesota; MS, Mississippi; NC, North Carolina; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SBP, systolic blood pressure.