Aβ	amyloid beta peptide
ACC	acetyl CoA carboxylase
AcLDL	acetylated low-density lipoprotein
ACO2	mitochondrial aconitase
Acr-dG	adduct of deoxyguanosine and acrolein
AD	Alzheimer disease
ADH	alcohol dehydrogenase
ADP-iron	adenosine diphosphate-iron
AICAR	5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside
AIDS	acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome
AIE	approximate intracellular concentration (extinction)
AKR	aldo-keto reductase
ALD	alcoholic liver disease
ALDH	aldehyde dehydrogenase
Al-PEs	aldehyde-modified PEs
ALS	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AMD	age-related macular degeneration
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ANT	adenine nucleotide translocase
ApoB	apolipoprotein B-100
AR	aldose reductase
ARE	antioxidant response element
BAG3	Bcl-2- associated athanogene 3
BER	base excision repair
BSA	bovine serum albumin
BSO	l-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine
CAR	carnosine
CCl4	carbon tetrachloride
CERAD	consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer disease
CH2Cl2	dichloromethane
CHO	Chinese-hamster ovary
CHOP	C/EBP homologous protein
Col II	collagen type II
COX-2	cyclooxygenase-2
CYP	cytochrome P450
ɛ-dA	1,N(6)-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine
DHN	dihydroxynonene, non-2-ene-1,4-diol
DHN-MA	dihydroxynonene-mercapturic acid
DNA	desoxy-ribonucleic acid
DNA-PK	DNA-dependent protein kinase
DOX	doxorubicin
D3T	3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione, inducing detoxification enzymes
eEF-2	Eukaryotic Elongation factor 2
EGFP	enhanced green fluorescent protein
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
EHN	2,3-epoxy-4-hydroxy-nonanal
ERK1	extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1
ESI-MS-MS	electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
FABP	fatty acid-binding protein
FAK	α1β1-integrin-focal adhesion kinase
FID	flame ionization detection
FITC	fluorescein isothiocyanate
GAPDH	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GC	gas chromatography
GC/MS	gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
GERD	gastroesophageal reflux disease
GRP78	glucose-regulated protein 78
GRX	glutaredoxin
GSH	glutathione
GSH-DHN	glutathione-dihydroxynonene conjugate
GSK3β	glycogen synthase kinase-3-β
GSSG	glutathione in the oxidized form, glutathione disulfide
GST	glutathione-S-transferase
HA-1	Chinese hamster fibroblast control cells
HAEC	human aortic endothelial cell
Hb	hemoglobin
HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma
HCV	hepatitis C virus
HMEC-1	immortalized human microvascular endothelial cells
HHE	4-hydroxy-hexenal
[3H]HNE	tritium labeled hydroxynonenal
HNA	hydroxynonenoic acid
HNA-GSH	hydroxynonenoic acid-glutathione conjugate
HNE	4-hydroxy-nonenal
HNE-dG	1,N-2-propane adduct of guanine and HNE
HNE-H2A	HNE-modified histone-H2A
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide
HPLC	high performance liquid chromatography
HPNE	4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal
HO-1	heme oxygenase-1
HSA	human serum albumin
HU	HU hydroxyurea
HUVEC	human umbilical vein endothelial cell
ICAM-1	intercellular adhesion molecule-1
IsoLGs	isolevuglandins
iTRAQ	isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation
LA	linolenic acid
LAD	late Alzheimer disease
LADH	lipoamide dehydrogenase
LCA	retinal dystrophy Leber congenital amaurosis
LC-MS/MS	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
LDH	lactate dehydrogenase
LDL	low density lipoprotein
LKB1	liver kinase B1
LOX1	lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1
LPO	lipid peroxidation
MAL-6	2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-maleimidopiperidin-1-oxyl
MALDI-TOF	matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MBP-1	c-myc binding protein-1
MCI	mild cognitive impairment
MDA	malondialdehyde
MDM2	mouse double minute 2
MH1C1	rat hepatoma cells
MMP-13	matrix metalloproteinase 13
MRP-1	multidrug resistance protein-1
NAD+	nicotinamid dinucleotide, oxidized form
NADH	nicotinamid dinucleotide, reduced form
NADP	nicotinamid dinucleotide phosphate
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NEP	neprilysin
NER	nucleotide excision repair
Nrf2	NF-E2-related factor 2
OA	osteoarthritic
OC5 and OC14	Chinese hamster fibroblast H2O2-resistant cell lines
ONE	4-oxo-nonenal
oxLDL	oxidized low-density lipoprotein
ox-PAPC	oxidized PAPC
PAF	1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-choline
PAPC	1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-choline
PCAD	preclinical Alzheimer disease
PDGF	platelet-derived growth factor
PDI	protein disulfide isomerase
PE	phosphatidyl-ethanolamine
PGE	prostaglandin E
Pin1	peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans-isomerase A1
PMF	peptide mass fingerprinting
POS	photoreceptor outer segment
PG(E2)	prostaglandin E2
PtdIns(3,4,5)P-3	phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10
RAS	rennin/angiotensin system
RBC	erythrocytes
RDH	retinol dehydrogenase
RLIP76	Ral-binding GTPase activating protein
ROC	receiver operator curves
ROOH	lipid hydroperoxide
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RPE	retinal pigment epithelial
SAM	sterile-alpha motif
SCFAs	short chain fatty acids
SERCA1a	serco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
SIRT3	sirtuin 3
SLE	systemic lupus erythematosus
SMC	smooth muscle cell
sXBP1	spliced X-box-binding protein-1
α-Syn	α-synuclein
TBA-RS	thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances
TBI	traumatic brain injury
TLC	thin layer chromatography
TLR	toll-like receptor
TRPV1	transient receptor potential vanilloid 1
TRX	thioredoxin
TrxR	thioredoxin reductase
UCP	uncoupling protein
UPR	unfolded protein response
VSL#3	a medical food delivering high amount of beneficial live bacteria
YAP1	Yeast Activator Protein 1
ZAK kinase	sterile alpha motif and leucine zipper containing kinase (AZK)