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Collins’s law of matching water affinity. Kosmotrope–kosmotrope ion pairs and chaotrope–chaotrope ion pairs prefer the CIP state (i.e., lower free energy for CIP, as observed for LiF in Figure 4b). Kosmotrope–chaotrope ion pairs prefer the SIP state (i.e., lower free energy for SIP, as observed for CsF in Figure 4b).
