Table 2.

Data on American trypanosomiasis spreading to non-endemic countries outside of Latin America*

Indicators	Austria	Belgium	Croatia	Denmark	France	Germany	Italy	Netherlands	Portugal	Romania	Spain	Sweden	Switzerland	UK	Canada	US	Australia	Japan
Estimated number of Latin American immigrants	7552	38,133	ND	ND	208,395	58,000	440,000	35,211	83,000	ND	2,090,695	58,196	60,000–90,000	400,000	100,000	22,000,000	116,430	371,700
Estimated number of T. cruzi cases	140–180	1982	ND	ND	2116	935	5,520–7,081	480	850	ND	47,738–67,423	1,118	3,000	14,000	1,789	300,167	1,928	3,592
Number of laboratory confirmed cases	2	19	1	1	111	2	114	7	8	1	3,617	1	256	28	1	799	1	46
Estimated number of pregnant women with T. cruzi infection	ND	16	ND	ND	ND	ND	30	18	50	ND	914–1,656	ND	30	50	ND	ND	ND	ND
Estimated number of cases of congenital transmission	ND	1	ND	ND	19	ND	2	2	2	ND	41–121	1	5	5	ND	ND	ND	ND
Number of patients treated +	2	3	ND	ND	28	ND	22	ND	ND	ND	195	1	99	0	ND	ND	ND	ND
Serological screening of blood donors	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Presence of a systematic detection system for congenital infection	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yesc	No	No	No	Yesc	No	Yesc	Nob	No	No	No	No
Presence of a systematic detection system for organ, tissue, and cell donors of T. cruzi	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yesa	No	No	Yes	NO	No	Yes	No	No	No	No

* Data sourced from [29, 44–46, 49]

+ Treated with benznidazole or nifurtimox

ND Not determined

^aOnly known Chagas disease patients are excluded from donating blood or organs, tissues, and cells for transplantation

^bAdvocacy is carried out for screening of at-risk mothers

^cOnly in some regions or communities