Table 1.

Kampala catatonia panel consisting of ten screening items for catatonia

1	Excitement	Extreme hyperactivity, constant motor unrest which is apparently non-purposeful, includes aggressive episodes
2	Immobility-stupor	Extreme hypoactivity, remains in the same position for hours, immobility. Minimally responsive to stimuli
3	Mutism	Verbally unresponsive or minimally responsive
4	Staring	Fixed gaze, little or no visual scanning of environment, decreased blinking
5	Grimacing	Facials spasms, facial tics, or maintenance of odd facial expressions
6	Echopraxia or echolalia	Mimicking of examiner’s movements/speech
7	Rigidity	Maintenance of a rigid position despite efforts to be moved
8	Negativism	Apparently motiveless resistance to instructions or to attempts to move/examine the patient. Contrary behavior, does the opposite of the instruction
9	Active or passive refusal to eat or drink	Minimal or reduced food and fluid intake during the past week
10	Impulsivity	Patient suddenly engages in inappropriate behavior (e.g., runs down the hallway, starts screaming, or takes off clothes) without provocation. Afterwards, cannot explain