Table 1.

Effect of age and butyrate on enzymes involved in glycolytic and oxidative metabolism

	Young Ctrl	Old Ctrl	Young Bu	Old Bu	Significance
Glycolytic metabolism (pmol per 100 μg total protein)
AldoA	22.0 ± 2.0	19.6 ± 1.4	22.0 ± 2.0	17.5 ± 1.0
Ckm	72.9 ± 3.1	33.8 ± 10.9	59.0 ± 10.3	46.3 ± 4.5	*
Ckmt2	2.9 ± 0.32	2.0 ± 0.76	2.8 ± 0.56	3.3 ± 0.78
Eno1	0.45 ± 0.03	0.57 ± 0.07	0.52 ± 0.01	0.54 ± 0.04
Eno3	19.6 ± 1.5	17.9 ± 0.85	19.9 ± 2.2	15.1 ± 1.2
Gapdh	8.3 ± 1.3	6.2 ± 1.4	9.1 ± 2.0	4.5 ± 0.89	*
Gpi1	0.80 ± 0.04	0.56 ± 0.10	0.75 ± 0.03	0.64 ± 0.05	*
Hk1	0.04 ± 0.003	0.03 ± 0.002	0.04 ± 0.004	0.03 ± 0.002	*
Ldha	16.7 ± 0.88	17.2 ± 1.2	18.0 ± 1.4	15.4 ± 1.4
Ldhb	0.21 ± 0.03	0.34 ± 0.05	0.26 ± 0.02	0.47 ± 0.07	*
Pc	0.06 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.005	0.05 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.004	*
Pfkm	0.72 ± 0.11	0.36 ± 0.12	0.71 ± 0.20	0.28 ± 0.07	*
Pgam2	12.4 ± 0.66	14.5 ± 1.3	13.0 ± 1.1	10.8 ± 0.71
Pgk1	2.6 ± 0.14	1.5 ± 0.41	2.5 ± 0.34	2.0 ± 0.14	*
Pkm2	8.2 ± 0.41	6.6 ± 0.83	8.6 ± 0.47	6.6 ± 0.32	*
Pygm	2.1 ± 0.35	0.90 ± 0.33	1.7 ± 0.51	0.75 ± 0.22	*
Slc2a4	0.28 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.05	0.28 ± 0.05	0.24 ± 0.01
Tkt	0.06 ± 0.005	0.12 ± 0.021	0.05 ± 0.005	0.09 ± 0.005	*
Tpi1	5.0 ± 0.39	3.6 ± 0.49	5.2 ± 0.47	3.8 ± 0.26
Oxidative metabolism (pmol per 100 μg total protein)
Aco2	1.2 ± 0.12	0.90 ± 0.24	1.3 ± 0.22	1.6 ± 0.24
Cs	1.78 ± 0.14	1.64 ± 0.35	1.89 ± 0.15	2.26 ± 0.27
Dlat	0.53 ± 0.05	0.48 ± 0.12	0.60 ± 0.08	0.67 ± 0.10
Dld	0.17 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.01	0.22 ± 0.02	0.25 ± 0.02	&
Dlst	0.64 ± 0.08	0.51 ± 0.07	0.76 ± 0.08	0.66 ± 0.09
Etfdh	0.10 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.03
Fh1	0.39 ± 0.03	0.27 ± 0.06	0.38 ± 0.06	0.45 ± 0.08	^
Idh1	0.05 ± 0.003	0.03 ± 0.002	0.04 ± 0.003	0.02 ± 0.002	*
Idh2	0.32 ± 0.05	0.29 ± 0.09	0.31 ± 0.07	0.80 ± 0.12	*, &
Idh3a	0.38 ± 0.04	0.32 ± 0.07	0.43 ± 0.06	0.40 ± 0.05	^
Idh3b	0.06 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.01
Idh3g	0.36 ± 0.07	0.22 ± 0.08	0.35 ± 0.06	0.31 ± 0.09
Mdh1	2.22 ± 0.18	2.36 ± 0.29	2.62 ± 0.23	3.24 ± 0.47
Mdh2	2.60 ± 0.20	3.11 ± 0.39	2.93 ± 0.30	3.74 ± 0.54
Ogdh 2	0.55 ± 0.06	0.36 ± 0.08	0.55 ± 0.09	0.63 ± 0.08
Pdha1	0.56 ± 0.05	0.41 ± 0.11	0.61 ± 0.08	0.68 ± 0.10
Pdhb	0.27 ± 0.02	0.20 ± 0.05	0.29 ± 0.03	0.34 ± 0.04
Pdk2	0.06 ± 0.004	0.05 ± 0.013	0.06 ± 0.010	0.06 ± 0.011
Pdp1	0.08 ± 0.010	0.02 ± 0.004	0.09 ± 0.013	0.02 ± 0.003	*
Sdha	0.17 ± 0.02	0.17 ± 0.03	0.20 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.03	&
Sdhb	0.18 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.04	0.21 ± 0.03	0.27 ± 0.04
Sdhc	0.03 ± 0.004	0.02 ± 0.005	0.04 ± 0.007	0.02 ± 0.003	*
Slc25a11	0.11 ± 0.023	0.02 ± 0.009	0.10 ± 0.028	0.02 ± 0.007	*
Sucla2	0.11 ± 0.02	0.06 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.03	0.11 ± 0.02
Suclg1	0.11 ± 0.004	0.10 ± 0.021	0.08 ± 0.013	0.12 ± 0.014

Glycolytic enzyme levels were determined by quantitative mass spec in skeletal muscle (n = 6; pmol per 100 μg total protein; data shown are means with standard deviation.

*Significant effect of age; ^&Significant effect of diet; ^{^}Significant effect of age*diet interaction).