Table 2.

Effect of age and butyrate on antioxidant enzymes

	Antioxidant, detoxification, and stress response (pmol per 100 μg total protein)
	Young Ctrl	Old Ctrl	Young Bu	Old Bu	Significance
Akr1b1	1.1 ± 0.081	0.73 ± 0.268	1.1 ± 0.218	1.1 ± 0.055
Aldh2	0.14 ± 0.011	0.12 ± 0.029	0.15 ± 0.024	0.19 ± 0.022
Cat	0.06 ± 0.002	0.07 ± 0.011	0.06 ± 0.008	0.11 ± 0.013	*, ^
Gpx1	0.03 ± 0.002	0.03 ± 0.005	0.02 ± 0.004	0.03 ± 0.003
Gsr	0.04 ± 0.004	0.06 ± 0.009	0.04 ± 0.006	0.05 ± 0.007	*
Gsta3	0.03 ± 0.001	0.02 ± 0.004	0.03 ± 0.006	0.03 ± 0.002
Gstm1	1.0 ± 0.05	0.96 ± 0.07	0.98 ± 0.11	1.1 ± 0.08
Gstp1	0.61 ± 0.056	0.40 ± 0.095	0.67 ± 0.107	0.71 ± 0.033	&
Hsp90b1	0.05 ± 0.006	0.05 ± 0.011	0.05 ± 0.010	0.05 ± 0.009
Hspa1a	0.30 ± 0.025	0.34 ± 0.019	0.28 ± 0.018	0.32 ± 0.013
Hspa5	0.27 ± 0.017	0.38 ± 0.062	0.27 ± 0.016	0.42 ± 0.023	*
Hspa9	0.17 ± 0.019	0.20 ± 0.045	0.22 ± 0.027	0.29 ± 0.050
Msra	0.01 ± 0.001	0.01 ± 0.003	0.01 ± 0.003	0.01 ± 0.001
Phb	0.07 ± 0.010	0.07 ± 0.015	0.08 ± 0.012	0.08 ± 0.014
Phb2	0.06 ± 0.006	0.06 ± 0.016	0.07 ± 0.015	0.07 ± 0.015
Prdx1	0.73 ± 0.054	0.80 ± 0.079	0.77 ± 0.067	0.71 ± 0.046
Prdx2	0.19 ± 0.008	0.27 ± 0.030	0.24 ± 0.034	0.28 ± 0.030	*
Prdx3	0.30 ± 0.029	0.40 ± 0.047	0.34 ± 0.044	0.38 ± 0.059
Prdx4	0.21 ± 0.030	0.32 ± 0.049	0.26 ± 0.043	0.27 ± 0.029
Prdx5	0.13 ± 0.015	0.20 ± 0.035	0.15 ± 0.027	0.21 ± 0.028	*
Prdx6	0.17 ± 0.022	0.25 ± 0.045	0.21 ± 0.028	0.27 ± 0.045
Sod1	0.41 ± 0.031	0.61 ± 0.046	0.40 ± 0.047	0.55 ± 0.063	*
Sod2	0.25 ± 0.025	0.27 ± 0.031	0.30 ± 0.045	0.30 ± 0.039
Txn1	0.15 ± 0.013	0.23 ± 0.031	0.19 ± 0.021	0.22 ± 0.017	*
Txnrd1	0.09 ± 0.007	0.11 ± 0.009	0.09 ± 0.008	0.10 ± 0.005	*

Antioxidant enzyme levels were determined by quantitative mass spec in skeletal muscle (n = 6; pmol per 100 μg total protein; data shown is means with standard deviation.

*Significant effect of age; ^&Significant effect of diet; ^{^}Significant effect of age*diet interaction).