Table 2.

Testicular stereological data (mean value ± standard deviation)

Parameters	GC	GCd	GCdJ	GJ
Seminiferous tubules
ml	1.59 ± 0.16	1.28 ± 0.20*	1.51 ± 1.16	1.55 ± 0.25
%	83.44 ± 2.46	77.32 ± 4.68	86.57 ± 2.31c	85.25 ± 1.92b
Epithelium
ml	1.15 ± 0.14	1.07 ± 0.18	1.14 ± 0.14	1.14 ± 0.18
%	60.71 ± 2.52	64.26 ± 5.23	65.01 ± 2.46	62.52 ± 1.13
Lumen
ml	0.43 ± 0.07	0.21 ± 0.03***	0.38 ± 0.03a	0.41 ± 0.07c
%	20.49 ± 2.80	13.06 ± 1.22***	21.56 ± 0.50a	22.73 ± 1.65c
Interstitium
ml	0.32 ± 0.07	0.37 ± 0.08	0.23 ± 0.03b	0.26 ± 0.04a
%	16.72 ± 1.98	22.67 ± 4.68	13.43 ± 2.31c	14.75 ± 1.93b

GC, control group; GCd, cadmium group; GCdJ, cadmium and grape juice concentrate group; GJ, grape juice concentrate group. (n = 6) A significant difference was found for the following: *P < 0.05 with GC, ***P ≤ 0.001 with GC. ^a P ≤ 0.05 with GCd, ^b P ≤ 0.01 with GCd, ^c P ≤ 0.001 with GCd.