Table 2.
Effect of couple-based interventions on protective sex, STIs, HIV testing, Nevirapine uptake, and medication adherence
| Outcomes Author (year), Study Location |
OR | low 95% | upper 95% | Z | p value | Q statistic, p value | I2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protective Sex | |||||||
| Allen (1992), Rwanda | 2.31 | 1.77 | 3.00 | 6.23 | 0.0000 | ||
| Becker (2010), Tanzania | 6.00 | 0.77 | 46.58 | 1.71 | 0.0866 | ||
| El-Bassel (2003), USA | 1.37 | 0.61 | 3.07 | 0.77 | 0.4398 | ||
| El-Bassel (2010), USA | 1.75 | 1.21 | 2.52 | 3.00 | 0.0027 | ||
| El-Bassel (2011), USA | 0.76 | 0.44 | 1.30 | −1.01 | 0.3131 | ||
| Farquhar (2004), Kenya | 6.50 | 0.77 | 54.93 | 1.72 | 0.0856 | ||
| Jones (2013), USA | 1.14 | 0.63 | 2.04 | 0.43 | 0.6692 | ||
| Sullivan (2014), USA | 1.00 | 0.14 | 7.10 | 0.00 | 1.0000 | ||
| VCT HIV-1 Eff Stdy Grp (2000), Kenya, Tanzania, Trinidad | 1.75 | 1.40 | 2.20 | 4.86 | 0.0000 | ||
| Random Effect Model | 1.60 | 1.21 | 2.11 | 3.28 | 0.0012 | 19.01, p=.015 | 57.93 |
| Reduction of Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) | |||||||
| El-Bassel (2010), USA | 1.02 | 0.64 | 1.62 | 0.09 | 0.9316 | ||
| El-Bassel (2011), USA | 3.47 | 1.01 | 11.89 | 1.98 | 0.0475 | ||
| Random Effect Model | 1.64 | 0.51 | 5.27 | 0.83 | 0.4075 | 3.33, p=.068 | 65.14 |
| HIV Testing | |||||||
| Becker (2010), Tanzania | 1.59 | 1.09 | 2.32 | 2.43 | 0.0153 | ||
| Khoshnood (2006), China | 1.42 | 0.90 | 2.24 | 1.50 | 0.1328 | ||
| Semrau (2005)a, Zambia | 2.37 | 1.68 | 3.33 | 4.93 | 0.0000 | ||
| Random Effect Model | 1.79 | 1.31 | 2.45 | 3.64 | 0.0000 | 3.90, p=.142 | 48.76 |
| Nevirapine uptake among HIV-positive pregnant women | |||||||
| Becker (2010), Tanzania | 3.87 | 1.00 | 14.98 | 1.96 | 0.0500 | ||
| Conkling (2010), Rwanda | 0.94 | 0.55 | 1.61 | −0.23 | 0.8178 | ||
| Conkling (2010), Zambia | 1.62 | 0.55 | 4.76 | 0.87 | 0.3842 | ||
| Farquhar (2004), Kenya | 2.36 | 1.02 | 5.43 | 2.02 | 0.0439 | ||
| Msuya (2008), Tanzania | 3.44 | 0.99 | 11.97 | 1.94 | 0.0521 | ||
| Semrua (2005), Zambia | 1.17 | 0.91 | 1.51 | 1.22 | 0.2218 | ||
| Random Effect Model | 1.51 | 1.02 | 2.24 | 2.06 | 0.0397 | 8.92, p=.112 | 43.98 |
| HIV medication adherence | |||||||
| Remien (2005), USA | 1.23 | 0.73 | 2.08 | 0.776 | 0.438 | ||
a
Windsorized to the value of three standard errors from the means of all the effect sizes for HIV testing. The original effect size was OR=6.16, 95% CI=4.38, 8.68.