Table 1.
Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obs. | Mean | Obs. | Mean | Obs. | Mean | Obs. | Mean | |
Process score composite | 2,528 | −0.245 | 2,820 | −0.017 | 2,579 | 0.231 | 2,227 | 0.389 |
Patient satisfaction composite | 2,253 | −0.146 | 2,489 | 0.046 | 2,416 | 0.162 | 2,171 | 0.343 |
Efficiency (expenditures per adjusted patient day) | 2,792 | 1,685.6 | 3,085 | 1,700 | 2,906 | 1,804.3 | 2,583 | 1,929.7 |
EHR adoption (percent of functions) | 2,797 | 0.437 | 3,094 | 0.46 | 2,906 | 0.5 | 2,591 | 0.585 |
Continuous control variables, 2011a | ||||||||
Case mix index | 1,800 | 1.48 | ||||||
System market share | 2,590 | 0.123 |
Obs. | Percent | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Categorical control variables, 2011a | ||||||||
Hospital size | ||||||||
0–99 beds | 1,218 | 47.0 | ||||||
100–399 beds | 1,060 | 40.9 | ||||||
400 + beds | 313 | 12.1 | ||||||
Teaching status | ||||||||
Major teaching | 203 | 7.8 | ||||||
Minor teaching | 522 | 20.2 | ||||||
Not teaching | 1,866 | 72.2 | ||||||
System membership | ||||||||
Yes | 1,378 | 53.2 | ||||||
No | 1,213 | 46.8 | ||||||
Network membership | ||||||||
Yes | 899 | 34.7 | ||||||
No | 1,692 | 65.3 | ||||||
Ownership | ||||||||
Public | 663 | 25.6 | ||||||
Private, nonprofit | 1,656 | 63.9 | ||||||
Private, for‐profit | 272 | 10.5 | ||||||
Location | ||||||||
Rural | 1,166 | 45 | ||||||
Urban | 1,425 | 55 | ||||||
Earliest stage 1 meaningful use attestation year | ||||||||
Never | 519 | 20.0 | ||||||
2011 (cohort 1) | 469 | 18.1 | ||||||
2012 (cohort 2) | 972 | 37.5 | ||||||
2013 (cohort 3) | 631 | 24.4 |
Reported for hospitals that responded to the AHA IT supplement in 2011 and provided at least one outcome variable in 2011. Years 1‐4 correspond to calendar years 2009‐2012 for all outcomes and to calendar years 2008‐2011 for EHR adoption and all control variables.