Figure 3.

Cytokine signalling networks in women with chlamdyial infections (a) or gonorrhoea (b) were evaluated using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The networks that included the most up‐regulated cytokines with the greatest degree of interconnectivity in women with chlamydia or gonorrhoea both included interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) and multiple pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Median cytokine concentrations in cervicovaginal lavage from women who had chlamydia or gonorrhoea that were more than twofold above the median in the no sexually transmitted infection/bacterial vaginosis (STI/BV) group were considered up‐regulated (coloured red). Relationships between IL‐17 and other cytokines are coloured blue. Dotted lines indicate indirect associations.